Competent Communication,9780312138578

Competent Communication

by ; ; ;
Edition: 2nd
ISBN13: 9780312138578
ISBN10: 0312138571
Format: Trade Paper
Pub. Date: 1996-11-15
Publisher(s): Bedford/St. Martin's
List Price: $85.20

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Summary

This competency-based hybrid text links communication theory to everyday skills and integrates coverage of intercultural communication and ethical issues into every chapter, giving students the chance to put what they learn into practice.

Table of Contents

PART 1 BASIC COMMUNICATION PROCESSES 2(30)
Chapter 1 Communicating Competently
4(28)
The Nature of Communication
6(1)
The Six Characteristics of Communication
7(5)
Symbolic Behavior
8(1)
A Shared Code
8(1)
Linked to Culture
9(1)
Intentionality
10(1)
A Medium for the Message
10(1)
A Transactional Process
11(1)
The Functions of Communication
12(4)
The Functional Perspective
13(1)
Control
14(1)
Affiliation
15(1)
Goal Achievement
15(1)
Communication Relationships
16(1)
Successful Communication
17(3)
Appropriate Behavior
19(1)
Effective Behavior
20(1)
Competent Communication
20(11)
Cultural and Relational Contexts
21(3)
The Individuals
24(2)
Interactional Goals
26(1)
Relational History
27(1)
Expectations for the Future
28(1)
Conclusion
28(3)
Review
31(1)
Chapter 2 Perception and Processing Communication
32(32)
Perception
34(8)
Schema Theory
35(3)
Mindlessness
38(1)
Selective Perception
39(1)
Improvement of Perception
40(2)
Expectations
42(1)
Attributions
43(2)
Memory
45(1)
The Memory Process
45(1)
Improvement of Long-Term Memory
45(1)
Cognitive Complexity and Cognitive Load
46(3)
Channels
49(4)
Media Selection
50(1)
Limits of Channel Capacity
51(2)
Culture
53(8)
Responsibilities of a Host Culture
54(1)
Responsibilities of a Foreign Culture
54(2)
Cultural Diversity
56(1)
Barriers to Competent Intercultural Communication
57(2)
Changing Stereotypes
59(1)
Embracing Differences
60(1)
Goals
61(2)
Review
63(1)
Chapter 3 The Self and Communication
64(30)
The Self and Communication Competence
66(1)
Self-Concept
66(5)
Effect on Competent Communication
67(1)
Schemas and Communication
68(3)
Self-Esteem
71(3)
Attitudes toward Self
72(1)
Self-Certainty
72(2)
Self-Efficacy
74(1)
Effort
74(1)
Coping with Stress
74(1)
Self-Presentation
75(3)
High Self-Monitoring
76(1)
Low Self-Monitoring
77(1)
Self-Disclosure
78(7)
Trust
80(1)
Targeting Self-Disclosure
80(2)
Reasons for Self-Disclosure
82(3)
Cultural and Gender Differences
85(1)
Feedback
85(3)
Competence Assessment
88(5)
Self-Actualization
88(1)
Self-Adequacy
89(1)
Self-Denigration
90(3)
Review
93(1)
Chapter 4 Language and Communication
94(30)
Language Acquisition
96(5)
Nature
96(1)
Nurture
97(1)
Cognition
98(1)
Interaction
98(1)
Homology
99(2)
Communication Acquisition
101(3)
Controlling
101(1)
Feeling
102(1)
Informing
102(1)
Imagining
103(1)
Ritualizing
104(1)
Language and Thought
104(6)
The Triangle of Meaning
105(2)
The Abstraction Ladder
107(3)
Language and Culture
110(2)
The Sapir/Whorf Hypothesis
110(1)
High- and Low-Context Cultures
110(2)
Language and Context
112(3)
Language Reflects Context
112(1)
Language Builds on Context
113(2)
Language Determines Context
115(1)
Male and Female Language
115(4)
Conversation Content
116(1)
Control and Affiliation
116(2)
Roles, Culture, and Gender in Conversation
118(1)
The Language of Relationships
119(4)
Relationship Definition
119(1)
The Language of Intimacy and Distance
120(1)
The Language of Control
121(2)
Review
123(1)
Chapter 5 Nonverbal Communication
124(34)
The Impact of Nonverbal Communication
126(1)
Origins
126(1)
Codes
127(18)
Appearance and Artifacts
127(5)
Gestures and Body Movements
132(2)
Facial Expressions
134(1)
Eye Behavior
135(3)
Paralanguage
138(1)
Touch
139(3)
Space
142(2)
Time Orientations
144(1)
Scents and Smells
145(1)
The Relationship between Nonverbal and Verbal Communication
145(1)
Competence Factors
146(2)
Culture
146(1)
Context and Situation
147(1)
Functions
148(7)
Relationship Management
149(1)
Interaction Management
149(2)
Social Influence
151(1)
Deception
152(1)
Forming Impressions
153(2)
Competent Nonverbal Communication
155(2)
Review
157(1)
Chapter 6 Developing Listening Skills
158(34)
Listening: The Least Developed Communication Skill
160(3)
A Definition of Listening
160(1)
The Costs of Ineffective Listening
160(1)
The Rewards of Competent Listening
161(2)
The Functions of Listening
163(2)
Comprehensive Listening
163(1)
Empathic Listening
163(1)
Critical Listening
164(1)
Appreciative Listening
164(1)
Develop Competent Listening Skills
165(3)
Adjust Your Listening/Speaking Ratio
167(1)
A Process for Improvement
167(1)
Manage Your Skills
168(6)
Assess Your Listening Self-Concept
168(2)
Recognize Your Listening Barriers
170(2)
Set Listening Goals
172(2)
Manage the Context
174(2)
The Setting: Place, Emotion, and Time
174(1)
Cultural Factors
175(1)
Third Parties
176(1)
Adjust to the Speaker
176(4)
Relational History
176(1)
Goals and Expectations
177(1)
Communication Style
177(3)
Listen Critically
180(3)
Determine the Thesis or Main Point
180(1)
Focus Your Efforts
181(1)
Critically Decode Nonverbal Cues
181(1)
Use Your Memory Effectively
182(1)
Listen Interactively
183(2)
Nonverbal Facilitation
183(1)
Verbal Reinforcers
184(1)
Questioning Techniques
185(2)
Review
187(1)
Case Study 1 The Case of the Communication Class
188(2)
Epilogue 1 Communication Competence as a Goal for Social Interaction
190(2)
PART 2 INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION 192(104)
Chapter 7 Developing and Maintaining Relationships
194(34)
Relational Knowledge
196(1)
Goals and Motivations for Relationship Development
196(4)
Interpersonal Attraction
197(1)
Physical Proximity
197(1)
Alleviating Loneliness
198(1)
Stimulation
198(1)
Achieving Goals
199(1)
Expectations
200(3)
Expectations about Relationships
200(1)
Expectations about Relational Partners
200(1)
Violated Expectations
201(1)
Knowledge, Motives, and Expectations
202(1)
Costs and Rewards
203(1)
Strategies for Reducing Uncertainty
204(3)
Monitoring Strategies
205(1)
Proactive Strategies
205(1)
Indirect Strategies
206(1)
Stages of a Relationship
207(13)
The Initial Stage
207(2)
The Exploratory Stage
209(1)
The Intensification Stage
209(1)
The Stable Stage
209(5)
The Decline Stage
214(2)
Relational Repair
216(2)
The Termination Stage
218(2)
Reconciliation
220(1)
Types of Relationships
220(5)
Friendship
220(2)
Family
222(3)
Competent Relationships
225(2)
Review
227(1)
Chapter 8 Managing Conflict in Interpersonal Relationships
228(32)
Conditions Producing Interpersonal Conflict
230(2)
Incompatible Goals
230(1)
Unrealistic Expectations
230(1)
Differing Rates of Relational Growth
231(1)
Inaccurate Perceptions and Attributions
231(1)
Cultural Differences in Handling Conflict
232(1)
Conflict as Inevitable and Healthy Communication
232(4)
Decision Making
233(1)
Enjoyment of Conflict
234(1)
Relational Growth
234(1)
Saving Time
235(1)
A Model of Competent Conflict Management
236(23)
Prelude
236(7)
Assessment
243(1)
Engagement
244(3)
Action
247(8)
Decision
255(1)
Reflection
256(3)
Review
259(1)
Chapter 9 Principles of Competent Interviewing
260(36)
Defining the Interview
262(1)
The Roles of Interviewer and Interviewee
263(1)
Basic Interviewing Strategies
264(15)
Developing Clear Goals
265(1)
Identifying Potential Barriers
265(1)
Creating an Appropriate Interview Structure
266(5)
Using Effective Questions
271(6)
Responding Effectively
277(2)
The Employment Interview
279(12)
Preparing for the Interview
280(5)
Participating in the Interview
285(6)
Review
291(1)
Case Study 2 The Case of Jennifer's Problem at Work
292(2)
Epilogue 2 Competence in Interpersonal Communication
294(2)
PART 3 GROUP AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION 296(94)
Chapter 10 Communicating in Small Groups
298(32)
How Groups Differ from Dyads
300(3)
Number of Interactants
300(1)
Complexity of Relationships
301(2)
Factors Affecting Individual Competence
303(7)
Critical Thinking
303(2)
Attributions
305(1)
Perceptions
306(1)
Communication Apprehension
307(3)
Factors Affecting Group Communication
310(4)
Interdependence
310(1)
Cohesion
310(1)
Groupthink and Productive Conflict
311(1)
Norms
312(2)
Group Image
314(1)
Improving Group Communication
314(8)
Goal Setting
315(1)
Agenda Setting
316(1)
Deliberation and Participation
317(1)
Roles
318(2)
Networks
320(2)
Special Groups and Techniques
322(3)
The Nominal Group Technique
322(1)
Self-Managing Teams
323(2)
Evaluation: Competence in Group Communication
325(4)
Review
329(1)
Chapter 11 Leadership and Decision Making in Groups
330(26)
Group Leadership
332(5)
Leadership Defined
332(1)
Types of Leadership
333(2)
Shared Leadership
335(2)
Competent Leadership
337(1)
The Complexity of Making Decisions in Groups
337(9)
Decision-Making Variables
337(2)
Decision-Making Skills
339(2)
Values and Goals Clarification
341(2)
Expectations
343(1)
Time Pressures
344(2)
Conflict
346(1)
The Decision-Making Process
346(5)
Identifying the Problem
346(1)
Conducting Research
347(1)
Establishing Guidelines and Criteria
348(1)
Generating Alternatives
348(1)
Evaluating Alternatives
349(1)
Selecting the Best Alternative
349(1)
Implementing the Solution
349(1)
Evaluating the Results
350(1)
Working on Committees, Task Forces, and Boards
351(1)
Evaluating Group Performance
352(3)
Group Evaluation
352(1)
Individual Evaluation
353(2)
Review
355(1)
Chapter 12 Communicating in Organizations
356(34)
Communication in Modern Organizations
358(4)
Demands on Communication Today
358(1)
What Has Happened in Organizations in the Last 20 Years?
359(3)
Looking at the Big Picture
362(5)
The Organizational Culture
362(2)
Organizations as Systems
364(3)
Communication Contexts in Organizations
367(3)
Superior-Subordinate Relationships
367(1)
Team Building and Team Leading
368(1)
Interdepartmental and Interorganizational Relationships
369(1)
Communication Skills in Organizations
370(15)
Using Communication Channels Properly
370(2)
Using Communication Networks Effectively
372(2)
Responding to Sexual Harassment
374(1)
Negotiating
375(1)
Mentoring
376(1)
Mastering Communication Technology
377(5)
Communication Competence in Organizations
382(3)
Review
385(1)
Case Study 3 The Case of the Group Presentation
386(2)
Epilogue 3 Competence in Group Communication
388(2)
PART 4 PUBLIC COMMUNICATION 390
Chapter 13 Preparing and Delivering Presentations
392(36)
The Nature of Public Speaking
394(1)
Clarifying the Purpose for Speaking
395(5)
General Purposes for Speeches
396(1)
Strategies for Choosing a Topic
396(4)
Making a Choice
400(1)
Audience Analysis
400(3)
Types of Audiences
401(1)
Reference Groups
402(1)
Situational Expectations
403(1)
Identifying and Organizing Main Points
403(3)
Identifying Main Points and Writing a Thesis Statement
403(1)
Generating Ideas
404(1)
Choosing an Organizational Pattern
405(1)
Providing Support for Main Ideas
406(6)
Applying Principles of Learning
407(1)
Using Verbal and Nonverbal Forms of Support
407(5)
Outlining the Speech
412(2)
Developing Introductions, Transitions, and Conclusions
414(2)
The Introduction
414(1)
Transitions
415(1)
The Conclusion
415(1)
Guidelines for Delivery
416(4)
Impromptu Speaking
418(1)
Extemporaneous Speaking
419(1)
Speaking from a Manuscript
419(1)
Speaking from Memory
420(1)
Communication Apprehension
420(7)
Recognizing Communication Apprehension
421(1)
Treatments for Severe Communication Apprehension
421(1)
Ways of Coping with Mild Communication Apprehension
422(5)
Review
427(1)
Chapter 14 Informative Presentations
428(26)
The Importance of Informative Presentations
430(2)
Topics for Informative Presentations
432(3)
People
433(1)
Places
433(1)
Things
434(1)
Events
434(1)
Processes
434(1)
Concepts
434(1)
Problems
435(1)
Plans and Policies
435(1)
Types of Informative Speeches
435(5)
Descriptive Speeches
435(1)
Demonstration Speeches
436(1)
Definitional Speeches
437(1)
Explanatory Speeches
438(2)
Barriers to Communicating Information
440(2)
Content Barriers
440(1)
Presentational Barriers
441(1)
Guidelines for Informative Presentations
442(7)
Adapting Your Presentation to Your Audience
442(1)
Choosing Main Points, Organizational Patterns, and Forms of Support
443(4)
Polishing the Speech
447(2)
Review
449(1)
Informative Student Speech
450(4)
Chapter 15 Persuasive Presentations
454(26)
Persuasive Speaking, Past and Present
456(1)
Defining Persuasion
457(1)
Forms of Persuasive Speaking
458(2)
Propositions of Fact
458(1)
Propositions of Value
459(1)
Concern about a Problem
459(1)
Propositions of Policy
459(1)
Generating and Evaluating Arguments: Toulmin's Model
460(1)
Forms of Proof
461(10)
Motivational Proof: Maslow's Hierarchy
462(2)
Ethical Proof
464(5)
Logical Proof
469(2)
A Theoretical Approach to Persuasive Effects
471(1)
Thinking Critically about Persuasive Speeches
472(3)
Listening Critically
472(1)
Thinking Critically about Your Speech
473(2)
Review
475(1)
Persuasive Student Speech
476(4)
Chapter 16 Understanding and Using Mass Communication
480
The Mediated Society
482(4)
The Functions of Mass Communication
482(3)
Critical Evaluation of Mass Communication
485(1)
Understanding the Mass Communication Environment
486(4)
The Expanding Uses of Mass Communication
486(1)
Distinctive Characteristics of Mass Communication
486(2)
Regulators of Mass Media
488(2)
Effects of Mass Communication
490(3)
Direct Effects
490(1)
Two-Step Flow
491(1)
Agenda Setting
491(1)
Cultivation
492(1)
Uses and Gratifications
493(1)
Being a Critical Consumer
493(4)
Evaluating Messages
493(1)
Being Mindful
494(1)
Media Awareness
495(1)
Doing Your Homework
496(1)
Review
497(1)
Case Study 4 The Case of Scott's Speech
498(2)
Epilogue 4 Competence in Public Communication
500
Notes N-1
Glossary G-1
Suggested Readings SR-1
Index I-1

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