On the Continuity of the Gaseous and Liquid States

by van der Waals, J. D.

ISBN13: 9780486495934

ISBN10: 0486495930

Format: Hardcover

Pub. Date: 2004-06-23

Publisher(s): Dover Publications

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Summary

This much-cited thesis by the recipient of the 1910 Nobel Prize in physics is accompanied by an introductory essay by J. S. Rowlinson and an additional work by the author. The centerpiece of this book, an English translation of van der Waals's 1873 Leiden thesis, presents an "Equation of State" that embraces both gases and liquids and demonstrates that these two states not only merge in a continuous manner, but are, in fact, of the same nature. Editor J. S. Rowlinson's introduction places the thesis within the context of its era and explains its ongoing value, and a translation of another of van der Waals's frequently quoted papers, "Molecular Theory of a Substance Composed of Two Different Species," concludes the text. 1988 ed. New Errata List.

Preface

Contents

vii

Errata List

PART I VAN DER WAALS AND THE PHYSICS OF LIQUIDS

J.S. Rowlinson

(120)

1. The experimental and theoretical background

(8)

2. The thesis of 1873

(7)

3. Leiden and Amsterdam: 1873-1914

(17)

3.1. Equal-areas rule

(1)

3.2. Corrections to the co-volume

(2)

3.3. Principle of corresponding states

(1)

3.4. Theory of mixtures

(4)

3.5. Theory of capillarity

(3)

3.6. Anomalies at the critical point

(2)

3.7. Other critical points

(1)

3.8. Mean-field approximation

(2)

4. The fallow years: 1914-1945

(11)

4.1. Virial equation of state

(1)

4.2. Intermolecular potentials

(2)

4.3. Lattice theories

(4)

4.4. Anomalies at the critical point

(2)

5. Van der Waals Redux

(43)

5.1. Structure of real and model liquids

(2)

5.2. Computer simulation

(2)

5.3. Virial equation for hard spheres

(2)

5.4. Integral equations for the distribution functions

(4)

5.5. Perturbation theory

(5)

5.6. Principle of corresponding states and intermolecular forces

(3)

5.7. Mixtures

(7)

5.8. Surface tension

(5)

5.9. Critical points

(10)

5.10. Tricritical points

(3)

6. Conclusion

(1)

7. Note on the Texts

(3)

Notes and references

(29)

PART II ON THE CONTINUITY OF THE GASEOUS AND LIQUID STATES

J.D. van der Waals

121

(120)

Title page

122

(3)

Author's preface

125

(1)

Ch. 1. General considerations

127

(1)

Ch. 2. Derivation of the fundamental equation of the isotherm

129

(1)

Ch. 3. Analytical expression for the molecular pressure

139

(1)

Ch. 4. On the potential energy of a liquid

155

(1)

Ch. 5. Influence of the structure of the molecules

160

(1)

Ch. 6. Influence of the extension of the molecule

168

(1)

Ch. 7. Relations between the molecular pressure and the volume

173

(1)

Ch. 8. Applications of the isotherm

175

(39)

8.1. The pressure coefficient

175

(8)

8.2. The compressibility of gases

183

(4)

8.3. The coefficient of expansion

187

(4)

8.4. Experiments of Andrews

191

(4)

8.5. Critical temperature

195

(14)

Ch. 9. The value of K

209

(5)

Ch. 10. Molecular dimensions

214

(6)

Ch. 11. Application to thermodynamics

220

(12)

Ch. 12. Pressure of the saturated vapour

232

(7)

Conclusion

239

PART III MOLECULAR THEORY OF A SUBSTANCE COMPOSED OF TWO DIFFERENT SPECIES

J.D. van der Waals

241

(35)

Appendix: Some remarks on the form of the spinodal curve

276

(7)

Name Index

283