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The Human Body: An Orientation |
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1 | (24) |
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An Overview of Anatomy and Physiology |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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Relationship between Anatomy and Physiology |
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2 | (1) |
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Levels of Structural Organization |
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2 | (5) |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (4) |
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7 | (2) |
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7 | (2) |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (2) |
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Homeostatic Control Mechanisms |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (11) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (4) |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (5) |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | |
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Focus on Careers Dental Hygienist |
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15 | (3) |
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Prove It Yourself Negative Feedback Systems Operate Continuously |
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18 | (2) |
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A Closer Look Medical Imaging: Illuminating the Body |
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20 | (5) |
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25 | (36) |
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Concepts of Matter and Energy |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (5) |
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27 | (2) |
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29 | (1) |
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Planetary and Orbital Models of an Atom |
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30 | (2) |
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Atomic Weight and Isotopes |
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32 | (1) |
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Chemical Bonds and Chemical Reactions |
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33 | (6) |
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33 | (4) |
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Patterns of Chemical Reactions |
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37 | (2) |
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Biochemistry: The Chemical Composition of Living Matter |
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39 | (17) |
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39 | (3) |
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42 | (14) |
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Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) |
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56 | (2) |
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58 | (2) |
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60 | |
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Prove It Yourself Demonstrate an Enzyme in Your Saliva |
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49 | (4) |
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Focus on Careers Food Technologist |
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53 | (1) |
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A Closer Look DNA Fingerprinting: Cracking Our Genetic ``Barcode'' |
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54 | (7) |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (23) |
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Overview of the Cellular Basis of Life |
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62 | (1) |
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Anatomy of a Generalized Cell |
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63 | (9) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (2) |
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Specializations of the Plasma Membrane |
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66 | (5) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (13) |
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72 | (7) |
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Passive Transport Processes: Diffusion and Filtration |
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Active Transport Processes |
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79 | (4) |
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Preparations: DNA Replication |
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83 | (2) |
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Genes: The Blueprint for Protein Structure |
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85 | (13) |
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86 | (4) |
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Special Characteristics of Epithelium |
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86 | (1) |
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Classification of Epithelium |
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86 | (4) |
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90 | (5) |
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Common Characteristics of Connective Tissue |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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Types of Connective Tissue |
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91 | (4) |
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95 | (2) |
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95 | (2) |
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97 | (1) |
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Tissue Repair (Wound Healing) |
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97 | (1) |
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PART III: DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS OF CELLS AND TISSUES |
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98 | (292) |
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102 | (2) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | |
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A Closer Look IV Therapy and Cellular ``Tonics'' |
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75 | (7) |
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Focus on Careers Medical Transcriptionist |
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82 | (17) |
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Prove It Yourself Demonstrate that Oil and Water Don't Mix |
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99 | (1) |
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A Closer Look Cancer---The Intimate Enemy |
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100 | (7) |
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107 | (22) |
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Classification of Body Membranes |
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108 | (2) |
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108 | (2) |
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Connective Tissues Membranes |
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110 | (1) |
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Integumentary System (Skin) |
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110 | (14) |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (4) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (4) |
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Homeostatic Imbalances of Skin |
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120 | (4) |
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Developmental Aspects of Skin and Body Membranes |
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124 | (2) |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | |
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115 | (4) |
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Prove It Yourself Plot the Distribution of Sweat Glands |
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119 | (6) |
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125 | (4) |
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129 | (142) |
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130 | (9) |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (2) |
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Bone Formation, Growth, and Remodeling |
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134 | (4) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (14) |
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139 | (6) |
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145 | (7) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (10) |
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Bones of the Shoulder Girdle |
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153 | (2) |
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155 | (2) |
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Bones of the Pelvic Girdle |
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157 | (2) |
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159 | (4) |
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163 | (5) |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (2) |
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Type of Synovial Joints Based on Shape |
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165 | (2) |
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Homeostatic Imbalance of Joints |
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167 | (1) |
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Developmental Aspects of the Skeleton |
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168 | (4) |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | |
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A Closer Look Protect Your Back---It's the Only One You've Got! |
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146 | (15) |
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A Closer Look Them Bones, Them Bones Goin' to Walk Around---Clinical Advances in Bone Repair |
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161 | (8) |
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Prove It Yourself Demonstrate That Joints Are Stabilized by Muscles and Ligaments |
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169 | (2) |
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171 | (78) |
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Peripheral Nervous System |
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249 | (14) |
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249 | (1) |
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249 | (4) |
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Spinal Nerves and Nerve Plexuses |
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253 | (1) |
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253 | (10) |
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Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems Compared |
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Anatomy of the Parasympathetic Division |
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Anatomy of the Sympathetic Division |
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Developmental Aspects of the Nervous System |
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263 | (3) |
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266 | (2) |
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268 | (2) |
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270 | |
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A Closer Look Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's---The Terrible Three |
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245 | (16) |
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Prove It Yourself Improve Your Memory |
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261 | (1) |
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A Closer Look Tracking Down CNS Problems |
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262 | (3) |
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265 | (6) |
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271 | (28) |
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272 | (12) |
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272 | (8) |
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External and Accessory Structures |
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Internal Structures: The Eyeball |
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Pathway of Light through the Eye and Light Refraction |
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280 | (1) |
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Visual Fields and Visual Pathways to the Brain |
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281 | (3) |
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284 | (1) |
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The Ear: Hearing and Balance |
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284 | (7) |
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284 | (2) |
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Mechanisms of Equilibrium |
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286 | (2) |
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288 | (1) |
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Hearing and Equilibrium Deficits |
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289 | (2) |
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Chemical Senses: Taste and Smell |
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291 | (2) |
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Olfactory Receptors and the Sense of Smell |
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291 | (1) |
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Taste Buds and the Sense of Taste |
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292 | (1) |
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Developmental Aspects of the Special Senses |
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293 | (2) |
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295 | (2) |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | |
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A Closer Look Visual Pigments---The Actual Photoreceptors |
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279 | (3) |
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A Closer Look If I Can't See Things Far Away, Am I Nearsighted or Farsighted? |
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282 | (17) |
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299 | |
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The Endocrine System and Hormone Function---An Overview |
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300 | (3) |
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The Chemistry of Hormones |
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300 | (1) |
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Mechanisms of Hormone Action |
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301 | (2) |
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Control of Hormone Release |
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303 | (1) |
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The Major Endocrine Organs |
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303 | |
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304 | (3) |
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Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary |
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Pituitary-Hypothalamus Relationship |
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Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary |
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307 | (3) |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | |
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Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex |
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Hormones of the Adrenal Medulla |
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177 | (44) |
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Overview of Muscle Tissues |
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178 | (4) |
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178 | (3) |
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181 | (1) |
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Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle |
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182 | (2) |
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184 | (8) |
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Stimulation and Contraction of Single Skeletal |
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184 | (3) |
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The Nerve Stimulus and the Action Potential |
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Mechanism of Muscle Contraction: The Sliding Filament Theory |
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Contraction of a Skeletal Muscle as a Whole |
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187 | (5) |
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Providing Energy for Muscle Contraction |
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Muscle Fatigue and Oxygen Debt |
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Types of Muscle Contractions---Isotonic and Isometric |
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Effect of Exercise on Muscles |
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Muscle Movements, Types, and Names |
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192 | (8) |
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192 | (4) |
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Interactions of Skeletal Muscles in the Body |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (3) |
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199 | (1) |
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Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles |
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200 | (14) |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (2) |
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Muscles of the Upper Limb |
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203 | (1) |
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Muscles of the Humerus That Act on the Forearm |
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Muscles of the Lower Limb |
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204 | (10) |
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Muscles Causing Movement at the Hip Joint |
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Muscles Causing Movement at the Knee Joint |
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Muscles Causing Movement at the Ankle and Foot |
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Developmental Aspects of the Muscular System |
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214 | (2) |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (2) |
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219 | |
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Are Athletes Looking Good and Doing Better with Anabolic Steroids? |
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197 | (10) |
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Prove It Yourself Palpate Muscles As They Contract |
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207 | (2) |
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Focus on Careers Massage Therapist |
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209 | (6) |
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215 | (6) |
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221 | (106) |
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Organization of the Nervous System |
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223 | (1) |
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Structural Classification |
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223 | (1) |
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Functional Classification |
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223 | (1) |
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Nervous Tissue: Structure and Function |
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224 | (11) |
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224 | (2) |
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226 | (9) |
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235 | (85) |
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Functional Anatomy of the Brain |
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235 | (6) |
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Protection of the Central Nervous System |
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241 | (3) |
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244 | (3) |
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247 | (67) |
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Gray Matter of the Spinal Cord and Spinal Roots |
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White Matter of the Spinal Cord |
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314 | (2) |
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316 | (1) |
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316 | (1) |
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316 | (4) |
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Other Hormone-Producing Tissues and Organs |
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320 | (1) |
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320 | (3) |
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Developmental Aspects of the Endocrine System |
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323 | (1) |
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323 | (2) |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | |
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A Closer Look Potential Uses for Growth Hormone |
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306 | (16) |
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322 | (5) |
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327 | (20) |
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Composition and Functions of Blood |
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328 | (7) |
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328 | (1) |
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Physical Characteristics and Volume |
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328 | (1) |
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328 | (2) |
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330 | (4) |
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Hematopoiesis (Blood Cell Formation) |
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (3) |
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337 | (1) |
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Blood Groups and Transfusions |
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338 | (3) |
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338 | (3) |
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341 | (1) |
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Developmental Aspects of Blood |
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341 | (3) |
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344 | (1) |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | |
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Focus on Careers: Phlebotomy Technician |
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339 | (3) |
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A Closer Look Concocting Blood: Artificial Blood Substitutes |
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342 | (5) |
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The Cardiovascular System |
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347 | (42) |
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348 | (6) |
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348 | (6) |
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Chambers and Associated Great Vessels |
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354 | (6) |
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Intrinsic Conduction System of the Heart: Setting the Basic Rhythm |
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Cardiac Cycle and Heart Sounds |
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360 | (21) |
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Microscopic Anatomy of Blood Vessels |
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360 | (4) |
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Structural Differences between Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries |
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Gross Anatomy of Blood Vessels |
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364 | (8) |
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Major Arteries of the Systemic Circulation |
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Major Veins of the Systemic Circulation |
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Physiology of Circulation |
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372 | (9) |
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Capillary Exchange of Gases and Nutrients |
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Fluid Movements at Capillary Beds |
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Developmental Aspects of the Cardiovascular System |
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381 | (2) |
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383 | (2) |
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385 | (2) |
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387 | |
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A Closer Look Electrocardiography: (Don't) Be Still My Heart |
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356 | (7) |
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Prove It Yourself Venous Valves Prevent Backflow |
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363 | (5) |
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Focus on Careers: Certified Surgical Technologist (CST) |
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368 | (9) |
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A Closer Look Atherosclerosis? Get Out the Cardiovascular Drano |
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377 | (5) |
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382 | (7) |
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The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses |
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389 | (1) |
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PART I: THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM |
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390 | (5) |
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390 | (2) |
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392 | (2) |
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394 | (1) |
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395 | (22) |
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Nonspecific Body Defenses |
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396 | (4) |
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Surface Membrane Barriers |
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396 | (1) |
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396 | (4) |
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Specific Body Defenses: The Immune System |
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400 | (17) |
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402 | (1) |
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Cells of the Immune System: An Overview |
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403 | (1) |
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Humoral (Antibody-Mediated) Immune Response |
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404 | (7) |
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Active and Passive Humoral Immunity |
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Cellular (Cell-Mediated) Immune Response |
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411 | (3) |
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Organ Transplants and Rejection |
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414 | (1) |
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414 | (3) |
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PART III: DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND BODY DEFENSES |
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417 | (37) |
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421 | (2) |
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423 | (1) |
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424 | |
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Prove It Yourself Swollen Lymph Nodes Usually Indicate Infections |
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417 | (1) |
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A Closer Look AIDS: The Modern Day Plague |
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418 | (2) |
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420 | (5) |
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425 | (28) |
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Functional Anatomy of the Respiratory System |
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426 | (8) |
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426 | (2) |
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428 | (1) |
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429 | (1) |
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429 | (1) |
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430 | (1) |
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430 | (4) |
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434 | (11) |
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434 | (2) |
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Nonrespiratory Air Movements |
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Respiratory Volumes and Capacities |
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436 | (1) |
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437 | (1) |
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External Respiration, Gas Transport, and Internal Respiration |
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438 | (2) |
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Gas Transport in the Blood |
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440 | (5) |
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Neural Regulation: Setting the Basic Rhythm |
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Factors Influencing Respiratory Rate and Depth |
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445 | (1) |
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) |
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445 | (1) |
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Developmental Aspects of the Respiratory System |
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446 | (3) |
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449 | (2) |
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451 | (1) |
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452 | |
|
Lung Cancer: The Facts Behind the Smoke Screen |
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442 | (5) |
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Focus on Careers: Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) |
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447 | (1) |
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448 | (5) |
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The Digestive System and Body Metabolism |
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453 | (1) |
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PART I: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM |
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454 | (24) |
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Anatomy of the Digestive System |
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454 | (13) |
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Organs of the Alimentary Canal |
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454 | (10) |
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Accessory Digestive Organs |
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464 | (3) |
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Functions of the Digestive System |
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467 | (11) |
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Overview of Gastrointestinal Processes and Controls |
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467 | (3) |
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Activities Occurring in the Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus |
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470 | (1) |
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Food Ingestion and Breakdown |
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Food Propulsion---Swallowing and Peristalsis |
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Activities of the Stomach |
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470 | (4) |
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Activities of the Small Intestine |
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474 | (3) |
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Food Breakdown and Absorption |
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Activities of the Large Intestine |
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477 | (1) |
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Food Breakdown and Absorption |
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|
Propulsion of the Residue and Defecation |
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PART II: NUTRITION AND METABOLISM |
|
|
478 | (12) |
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478 | (12) |
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Dietary Sources of the Major Nutrients |
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478 | (2) |
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480 | (1) |
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Carbohydrate, Fat, and Protein Metabolism in Body Cells |
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480 | (4) |
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The Central Role of the Liver in Metabolism |
|
|
484 | (2) |
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General Metabolic Functions |
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|
Cholesterol Metabolism and Transport |
|
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486 | (4) |
|
Regulation of Food Intake |
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|
Metabolic Rate and Body Heat Production |
|
|
|
Body Temperature Regulation |
|
|
|
PART III: DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM AND METABOLISM |
|
|
490 | (80) |
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496 | (2) |
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498 | (2) |
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|
500 | |
|
A Closer Look Peptic Ulcers: ``Something Is Eating at Me'' |
|
|
472 | (19) |
|
Prove It Yourself Calculate Your Basal Metabolic Rate |
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|
491 | (1) |
|
A Closer Look Obesity: Magical Solution Wanted |
|
|
492 | (3) |
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495 | (6) |
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501 | (26) |
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502 | (10) |
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502 | (3) |
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|
Nephrons and Urine Formation |
|
|
505 | (7) |
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|
Ureters, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra |
|
|
512 | (2) |
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512 | (1) |
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512 | (1) |
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513 | (1) |
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|
|
514 | (1) |
|
Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance |
|
|
514 | (6) |
|
Maintaining Water and Electrolyte Balance of Blood |
|
|
514 | (4) |
|
Body Fluids and Fluid Compartments |
|
|
|
The Link Between Water and Salt |
|
|
|
Maintaining Acid-Base Balance of Blood |
|
|
518 | (2) |
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|
|
|
Respiratory System Controls |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Developmental Aspects of the Urinary System |
|
|
520 | (3) |
|
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
|
|
524 | (1) |
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|
525 | |
|
A Closer Look Renal Failure and the Artificial Kidney |
|
|
509 | (9) |
|
Prove It Yourself Demonstrate the Water-Retaining Power of Salt |
|
|
518 | (4) |
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522 | (5) |
|
|
|
527 | (43) |
|
Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System |
|
|
529 | (4) |
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|
|
529 | (1) |
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|
529 | (2) |
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|
|
Accessory Glands and Semen |
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
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|
|
532 | (1) |
|
Male Reproductive Functions |
|
|
533 | (2) |
|
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|
533 | (2) |
|
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System |
|
|
535 | (4) |
|
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
|
|
536 | (3) |
|
Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
Female Reproductive Functions and Cycles |
|
|
539 | (4) |
|
Oogenesis and the Ovarian Cycle |
|
|
539 | (2) |
|
Uterine (Menstrual) Cycle |
|
|
541 | (2) |
|
Hormone Production by the Ovaries |
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
|
|
543 | (2) |
|
Survey of Pregnancy and Embryonic Development |
|
|
545 | (12) |
|
Accomplishing Fertilization |
|
|
545 | (1) |
|
Events of Embryonic and Fetal Development |
|
|
546 | (2) |
|
Effects of Pregnancy on the Mother |
|
|
548 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
552 | (5) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Developmental Aspects of the Reproductive System |
|
|
557 | (3) |
|
|
|
560 | (2) |
|
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
|
|
563 | |
|
|
|
549 | (5) |
|
A Closer Look Contraception: To Be or Not To Be |
|
|
554 | (3) |
|
Prove It Yourself The Stages of Mitosis and Meiosis Are Similar but Different |
|
|
557 | (2) |
|
|
|
559 | (5) |
|
|
|
|
Appendix A: Word Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes |
|
|
564 | (3) |
|
Appendix B: Periodic Table of the Elements |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
Appendix C: Key Information about Vitamins and Many Essential Minerals |
|
|
568 | (2) |
| Photography and Art Credits |
|
570 | (1) |
| Glossary |
|
571 | (11) |
| Index |
|
582 | |
Other versions by this Author
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