To the Instructor |
|
xvii | |
Ancillaries |
|
xxiii | |
Acknowledgments |
|
xxv | |
To the Student |
|
xxviii | |
|
The Foundations of Chemistry |
|
|
1 | (45) |
|
|
4 | (2) |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
Chemical and Physical Properties |
|
|
6 | (3) |
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Chemical and Physical Changes |
|
|
9 | (1) |
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Mixtures, Substances, Compounds, and Elements |
|
|
10 | (6) |
|
Chemistry in Use The Resources of the Ocean |
|
|
11 | (5) |
|
Measurements in Chemistry |
|
|
16 | (2) |
|
|
18 | (2) |
|
|
20 | (6) |
|
The Unit Factor Method (Dimensional Analysis) |
|
|
26 | (4) |
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
Density and Specific Gravity |
|
|
31 | (3) |
|
|
34 | (3) |
|
Heat Transfer and the Measurement of Heat |
|
|
37 | (9) |
|
|
40 | (1) |
|
|
41 | (5) |
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Chemical Formulas and Composition Stoichiometry |
|
|
46 | (42) |
|
|
48 | (3) |
|
|
51 | (2) |
|
|
53 | (2) |
|
Names and Formulas of Some Ionic Compounds |
|
|
55 | (2) |
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
|
57 | (6) |
|
Chemistry in Use Avogadro's Number |
|
|
61 | (2) |
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Formula Weights, Molecular Weights, and Moles |
|
|
63 | (3) |
|
Percent Composition and Formulas of Compounds |
|
|
66 | (4) |
|
Chemistry in Use Names of the Elements |
|
|
68 | (2) |
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Derivation of Formulas from Elemental Composition |
|
|
70 | (4) |
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Determination of Molecular Formulas |
|
|
74 | (3) |
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Some Other Interpretations of Chemical Formulas |
|
|
77 | (3) |
|
|
80 | (8) |
|
|
82 | (1) |
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82 | (6) |
|
Chemical Equations and Reaction Stoichiometry |
|
|
88 | (33) |
|
|
89 | (4) |
|
Calculations Based on Chemical Equations |
|
|
93 | (3) |
|
The Limiting Reactant Concept |
|
|
96 | (3) |
|
Percent Yields from Chemical Reactions |
|
|
99 | (2) |
|
|
101 | (1) |
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Concentrations of Solutions |
|
|
102 | (5) |
|
|
107 | (2) |
|
Using Solutions in Chemical Reactions |
|
|
109 | (12) |
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
|
113 | (8) |
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Some Types of Chemical Reactions |
|
|
121 | (52) |
|
The Periodic Table: Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids |
|
|
123 | (6) |
|
Chemistry in Use The Discovery of Phosphorus |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
Aqueous Solutions: An Introduction |
|
|
129 | (6) |
|
Reactions in Aqueous Solutions |
|
|
135 | (2) |
|
|
137 | (3) |
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Naming Some Inorganic Compounds |
|
|
140 | (1) |
|
|
140 | (3) |
|
Naming Ternary Acids and Their Salts |
|
|
143 | (3) |
|
Classifying Chemical Reactions |
|
|
145 | (1) |
|
Oxidation--Reduction Reactions: An Introduction |
|
|
146 | (3) |
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
|
150 | (2) |
|
|
152 | (5) |
|
Chemistry in Use Troublesome Displacement Reactions |
|
|
154 | (3) |
|
|
157 | (6) |
|
Summary of Reaction Types |
|
|
163 | (10) |
|
|
165 | (1) |
|
|
166 | (7) |
|
|
173 | (57) |
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
The Discovery of Electrons |
|
|
176 | (2) |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
Rutherford and the Nuclear Atom |
|
|
179 | (2) |
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
|
182 | (2) |
|
Mass Spectrometry and Isotopic Abundance |
|
|
184 | (3) |
|
Chemistry in Use Stable Isotope Ratio Analysis |
|
|
186 | (1) |
|
The Atomic Weight Scale and Atomic Weights |
|
|
187 | (3) |
|
The Electronic Structures of Atoms |
|
|
190 | (1) |
|
Electromagnetic Radiation |
|
|
190 | (4) |
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
Atomic Spectra and the Bohr Atom |
|
|
194 | (7) |
|
Enrichment The Bohr Theory and the Balmer--Rydberg Equation |
|
|
198 | (3) |
|
The Wave Nature of the Electron |
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
The Quantum Mechanical Picture of the Atom |
|
|
202 | (3) |
|
Enrichment The Schrodinger Equation |
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
|
206 | (5) |
|
|
211 | (6) |
|
Paramagnetism and Diamagnetism |
|
|
217 | (1) |
|
The Periodic Table and Electron Configurations |
|
|
218 | (12) |
|
|
221 | (2) |
|
|
223 | (7) |
|
|
230 | (35) |
|
More About the Periodic Table |
|
|
231 | (5) |
|
Chemistry in Use The Periodic Table |
|
|
233 | (1) |
|
Chemistry in Use Glenn Seaborg: A Human Side to the Modern Periodic Table |
|
|
234 | (1) |
|
Periodic Properties of the Elements |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
|
236 | (2) |
|
|
238 | (3) |
|
|
241 | (3) |
|
|
244 | (2) |
|
|
246 | (1) |
|
Chemical Reactions and Periodicity |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
Hydrogen and the Hydrides |
|
|
247 | (4) |
|
|
251 | (14) |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
|
261 | (4) |
|
|
265 | (36) |
|
Lewis Dot Formulas of Atoms |
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
Formation of Ionic Compounds |
|
|
268 | (7) |
|
Enrichment Introduction to Energy Relationships in Ionic Bonding |
|
|
273 | (2) |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
Formation of Covalent Bonds |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
Lewis Formulas for Molecules and Polyatomic Ions |
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
Writing Lewis Formulas: The Octet Rule |
|
|
277 | (6) |
|
|
283 | (2) |
|
|
285 | (2) |
|
Writing Lewis Formulas: Limitations of the Octet Rule |
|
|
287 | (5) |
|
Polar and Nonpolar Covalent Bonds |
|
|
292 | (2) |
|
|
294 | (1) |
|
The Continuous Range of Bonding Types |
|
|
294 | (7) |
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
|
296 | (5) |
|
Molecular Structure and Covalent Bonding Theories |
|
|
301 | (47) |
|
|
303 | (2) |
|
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
Polar Molecules: The Influence of Molecular Geometry |
|
|
306 | (3) |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
Molecular Shapes and Bonding |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
Linear Electronic Geometry: AB2 Species (No Lone Pairs of Electrons on A) |
|
|
310 | (2) |
|
Trigonal Planar Electronic Geometry: AB3 Species (No Lone Pairs of Electrons on A) |
|
|
312 | (2) |
|
Tetrahedral Electronic Geometry: AB4 Species (No Lone Pairs of Electrons on A) |
|
|
314 | (5) |
|
Tetrahedral Electronic Geometry: AB3U Species (One Lone Pair of Electrons on A) |
|
|
319 | (5) |
|
Tetrahedral Electronic Geometry: AB2U2 Species (Two Lone Pairs of Electrons on A) |
|
|
324 | (2) |
|
Tetrahedral Electronic Geometry: ABU3 Species (Three Lone Pairs of Electrons on A) |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
Trigonal Bipyramidal Electronic Geometry: AB5, AB4U, AB3U2, and AB2U3 |
|
|
327 | (4) |
|
Octahedral Electronic Geometry: AB6, AB5U, and AB4U2 |
|
|
331 | (5) |
|
Compounds Containing Double Bonds |
|
|
336 | (2) |
|
Compounds Containing Triple Bonds |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
A Summary of Electronic and Molecular Geometries |
|
|
339 | (9) |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
342 | (6) |
|
Molecular Orbitals in Chemical Bonding |
|
|
348 | (19) |
|
|
350 | (3) |
|
Molecular Orbital Energy Level Diagrams |
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
Bond Order and Bond Stability |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
Homonuclear Diatomic Molecules |
|
|
355 | (3) |
|
Heteronuclear Diatomic Molecules |
|
|
358 | (3) |
|
Delocalization and the Shapes of Molecular Orbitals |
|
|
361 | (6) |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
364 | (3) |
|
Reactions in Aqueous Solutions I: Acids, Bases, and Salts |
|
|
367 | (28) |
|
Properties of Aqueous Solutions of Acids and Bases |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
The Hydronium Ion (Hydrated Hydrogen Ion) |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
|
371 | (3) |
|
The Autoionization of Water |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
|
375 | (4) |
|
Acid--Base Reactions in Aqueous Solutions |
|
|
379 | (3) |
|
Chemistry in Use Everyday Salts of Ternary Acids |
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
Acidic Salts and Basic Salts |
|
|
382 | (2) |
|
|
384 | (3) |
|
|
387 | (8) |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
|
389 | (6) |
|
Reactions in Aqueous Solutions II: Calculations |
|
|
395 | (30) |
|
Aqueous Acid-Base Reactions |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
Calculations Involving Molarity |
|
|
396 | (5) |
|
|
401 | (3) |
|
The Mole Method and Molarity |
|
|
404 | (3) |
|
Equivalent Weights and Normality |
|
|
407 | (4) |
|
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
|
411 | (2) |
|
Adding H+, OH-, or H2O to Balance Oxygen or Hydrogen |
|
|
413 | (3) |
|
Stoichiometry of Redox Reactions |
|
|
416 | (9) |
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
|
419 | (6) |
|
Gases and the Kinetic--Molecular Theory |
|
|
425 | (52) |
|
Comparison of Solids, Liquids, and Gases |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
Composition of the Atmosphere and Some Common Properties of Gases |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
|
428 | (5) |
|
Chemistry in Use The Greenhouse Effect |
|
|
430 | (3) |
|
Boyle's Law: The Volume--Pressure Relationship |
|
|
433 | (3) |
|
Charles's Law: The Volume--Temperature Relationship; The Absolute Temperature Scale |
|
|
436 | (2) |
|
Standard Temperature and Pressure |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
The Combined Gas Law Equation |
|
|
438 | (2) |
|
Avogadro's Law and the Standard Molar Volume |
|
|
440 | (2) |
|
Summary of Gas Laws: The Ideal Gas Equation |
|
|
442 | (4) |
|
Determination of Molecular Weights and Molecular Formulas of Gaseous Substances |
|
|
446 | (2) |
|
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures |
|
|
448 | (6) |
|
Mass--Volume Relationships in Reactions Involving Gases |
|
|
454 | (2) |
|
The Kinetic--Molecular Theory |
|
|
456 | (6) |
|
Enrichment Kinetic--Molecular Theory, the Ideal Gas Equation, and Molecular Speeds |
|
|
459 | (3) |
|
Diffusion and Effusion of Gases |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
Real Gases: Deviations from Ideality |
|
|
463 | (14) |
|
|
467 | (1) |
|
|
467 | (10) |
|
|
477 | (56) |
|
Kinetic--Molecular Description of Liquids and Solids |
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
Intermolecular Attractions and Phase Changes |
|
|
481 | (6) |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
|
490 | (2) |
|
Boiling Points and Distillation |
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
Heat Transfer Involving Liquids |
|
|
493 | (4) |
|
Enrichment The Clausius--Clapeyron Equation |
|
|
495 | (2) |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
Heat Transfer Involving Solids |
|
|
497 | (3) |
|
Sublimation and the Vapor Pressure of Solids |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
Phase Diagrams (P versus T) |
|
|
501 | (2) |
|
Amorphous Solids and Crystalline Solids |
|
|
503 | (3) |
|
Enrichment X-Ray Diffraction |
|
|
504 | (2) |
|
|
506 | (3) |
|
|
509 | (9) |
|
|
518 | (15) |
|
Chemistry in Use Semiconductors |
|
|
520 | (3) |
|
|
523 | (2) |
|
|
525 | (8) |
|
|
533 | (49) |
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
Spontaneity of the Dissolution Process |
|
|
535 | (2) |
|
Dissolution of Solids in Liquids |
|
|
537 | (3) |
|
Dissolution of Liquids in Liquids (Miscibility) |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
Dissolution of Gases in Liquids |
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
Rates of Dissolution and Saturation |
|
|
542 | (2) |
|
Effect of Temperature on Solubility |
|
|
544 | (2) |
|
Effect of Pressure on Solubility |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
Molality and Mole Fraction |
|
|
546 | (3) |
|
Colligative Properties of Solutions |
|
|
548 | (1) |
|
Lowering of Vapor Pressure and Raoult's Law |
|
|
549 | (4) |
|
|
553 | (2) |
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
Freezing Point Depression |
|
|
556 | (2) |
|
Determination of Molecular Weight by Freezing Point Depression or Boiling Point Elevation |
|
|
558 | (2) |
|
Colligative Properties and Dissociation of Electrolytes |
|
|
560 | (2) |
|
|
562 | (8) |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
Chemistry in Use Water Purification and Hemodialysis |
|
|
568 | (2) |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
The Adsorption Phenomenon |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Colloids |
|
|
571 | (11) |
|
Chemistry in Use Why Does Red Wine Go with Red Meat? |
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
|
576 | (6) |
|
|
582 | (56) |
|
Heat Changes and Thermochemistry |
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
The First Law of Thermodynamics |
|
|
584 | (2) |
|
|
586 | (2) |
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
|
588 | (2) |
|
|
590 | (3) |
|
Standard States and Standard Enthalpy Changes |
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
Standard Molar Enthalpies of Formation, ΔH0f |
|
|
594 | (2) |
|
|
596 | (5) |
|
|
601 | (3) |
|
Changes in Internal Energy, ΔE |
|
|
604 | (6) |
|
Relationship of ΔH and ΔE |
|
|
610 | (2) |
|
Spontaneity of Physical and Chemical Changes |
|
|
612 | (1) |
|
The Two Aspects of Spontaneity |
|
|
612 | (1) |
|
The Second Law of Thermodynamics |
|
|
613 | (1) |
|
|
613 | (7) |
|
Free Energy Change, ΔG, and Spontaneity |
|
|
620 | (3) |
|
The Temperature Dependence of Spontaneity |
|
|
623 | (15) |
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
|
628 | (10) |
|
|
638 | (61) |
|
|
640 | (7) |
|
Factors that Affect Reaction Rates |
|
|
646 | (1) |
|
|
647 | (1) |
|
Concentrations of Reactants: The Rate-Law Expression |
|
|
648 | (8) |
|
Concentration Versus Time: The Integrated Rate Equation |
|
|
656 | (12) |
|
Enrichment Calculus Derivation of Integrated Rate Equations |
|
|
662 | (2) |
|
Enrichment Using Integrated Rate Equations to Determine Reaction Order |
|
|
664 | (4) |
|
Collision Theory of Reaction Rates |
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
|
669 | (3) |
|
Reaction Mechanisms and the Rate-Law Expression |
|
|
672 | (4) |
|
Temperature: The Arrhenius Equation |
|
|
676 | (4) |
|
|
680 | (19) |
|
|
686 | (4) |
|
|
690 | (1) |
|
|
690 | (9) |
|
|
699 | (45) |
|
|
700 | (3) |
|
|
703 | (4) |
|
Variation of Kc with the Form of the Balanced Equation |
|
|
707 | (1) |
|
|
708 | (1) |
|
Uses of the Equilibrium Constant, Kc |
|
|
709 | (4) |
|
Disturbing a System at Equilibrium: Predictions |
|
|
713 | (7) |
|
The Haber Process: A Practical Application of Equilibrium |
|
|
720 | (1) |
|
Disturbing a System at Equilibrium: Calculations |
|
|
721 | (4) |
|
Partial Pressures and the Equilibrium Constant |
|
|
725 | (1) |
|
Relationship Between KP and KC |
|
|
726 | (3) |
|
|
729 | (1) |
|
Relationship Between ΔG0rxn and the Equilibrium Constant |
|
|
730 | (4) |
|
Evaluation of Equilibrium Constants at Different Temperatures |
|
|
734 | (10) |
|
|
736 | (1) |
|
|
736 | (8) |
|
Ionic Equilibria I: Acids and Bases |
|
|
744 | (42) |
|
A Review of Strong Electrolytes |
|
|
745 | (1) |
|
The Autoionization of Water |
|
|
746 | (2) |
|
|
748 | (5) |
|
Ionization Constants for Weak Monoprotic Acids and Bases |
|
|
753 | (11) |
|
|
764 | (4) |
|
|
768 | (1) |
|
Salts of Strong Bases and Strong Acids |
|
|
769 | (1) |
|
Salts of Strong Bases and Strong Acids |
|
|
769 | (3) |
|
Salts of Weak Bases and Strong Acids |
|
|
772 | (3) |
|
Chemistry in Use Taming Acids with Harmless Salts |
|
|
774 | (1) |
|
Salts of Weak Bases and Weak Acids |
|
|
775 | (1) |
|
Salts that Contain Small, Highly Charged Cations |
|
|
776 | (10) |
|
|
779 | (1) |
|
|
779 | (7) |
|
Ionic Equilibria II: Buffers and Titration Curves |
|
|
786 | (30) |
|
The Common Ion Effect and Buffer Solutions |
|
|
787 | (7) |
|
|
794 | (3) |
|
Preparation of Buffer Solutions |
|
|
797 | (5) |
|
Chemistry in Use Fun with Carbonates |
|
|
800 | (2) |
|
|
802 | (2) |
|
|
804 | (1) |
|
Strong Acid/Strong Base Titration Curves |
|
|
804 | (3) |
|
Weak Acid/Strong Base Titration Curves |
|
|
807 | (3) |
|
Weak Acid/Weak Base Titration Curves |
|
|
810 | (1) |
|
Summary of Acid--Base Calculations |
|
|
810 | (6) |
|
|
812 | (1) |
|
|
812 | (4) |
|
Ionic Equilibria III: The Solubility Product Principle |
|
|
816 | (25) |
|
Solubility Product Constants |
|
|
817 | (3) |
|
Determination of Solubility Product Constants |
|
|
820 | (2) |
|
Uses of Solubility Product Constants |
|
|
822 | (6) |
|
|
828 | (3) |
|
Simultaneous Equilibria Involving Slightly Soluble Compounds |
|
|
831 | (3) |
|
|
834 | (7) |
|
|
837 | (1) |
|
|
837 | (4) |
|
|
841 | (53) |
|
|
844 | (1) |
|
|
844 | (1) |
|
|
845 | (1) |
|
The Electrolysis of Molten Sodium Chloride (The Downs Cell) |
|
|
845 | (1) |
|
The Electrolysis of Aqueous Sodium Chloride |
|
|
846 | (2) |
|
The Electrolysis of Aqueous Sodium Sulfate |
|
|
848 | (1) |
|
Counting Electrons: Coulometry and Faraday's Law of Electrolysis |
|
|
849 | (2) |
|
Commercial Applications of Electrolytic Cells |
|
|
851 | (1) |
|
Voltaic or Galvanic Cells |
|
|
852 | (1) |
|
The Construction of Simple Voltaic Cells |
|
|
852 | (1) |
|
|
853 | (3) |
|
Chemistry in Use A Spectacular View of One Mole of Electrons |
|
|
854 | (2) |
|
|
856 | (2) |
|
Standard Electrode Potentials |
|
|
858 | (1) |
|
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode |
|
|
858 | (1) |
|
|
858 | (2) |
|
|
860 | (1) |
|
Standard Electrode Potentials |
|
|
861 | (1) |
|
Uses of Standard Electrode Potentials |
|
|
862 | (3) |
|
Standard Electrode Potentials for Other Half-Reactions |
|
|
865 | (2) |
|
|
867 | (1) |
|
|
868 | (3) |
|
Effect of Concentrations (Or Partial Pressures) on Electrode Potentials |
|
|
871 | (1) |
|
|
871 | (4) |
|
Using Electrochemical Cells to Determine Concentrations |
|
|
875 | (3) |
|
Enrichment Concentration Cells |
|
|
876 | (2) |
|
The Relationship of E0cell to ΔG0 and K |
|
|
878 | (2) |
|
|
880 | (1) |
|
|
880 | (2) |
|
|
882 | (1) |
|
|
882 | (1) |
|
The Nickel--Cadmium (Nicad) Cell |
|
|
883 | (1) |
|
The Hydrogen--Oxygen Fuel Cell |
|
|
884 | (10) |
|
|
886 | (1) |
|
|
887 | (7) |
|
|
894 | (19) |
|
|
895 | (1) |
|
|
895 | (2) |
|
|
896 | (1) |
|
|
897 | (2) |
|
Reduction to the Free Metals |
|
|
899 | (1) |
|
|
900 | (2) |
|
Metallurgies of Specific Metals |
|
|
902 | (1) |
|
|
902 | (1) |
|
|
903 | (2) |
|
|
905 | (1) |
|
|
906 | (3) |
|
|
909 | (4) |
|
|
910 | (1) |
|
|
910 | (3) |
|
Metals II: Properties and Reactions |
|
|
913 | (22) |
|
The Alkali Metals (Group IA) |
|
|
915 | (1) |
|
Group IA Metals: Properties and Occurrence |
|
|
915 | (1) |
|
Reactions of the Group IA Metals |
|
|
916 | (2) |
|
Uses of Group IA Metals and Their Compounds |
|
|
918 | (4) |
|
Chemistry in Use Trace Elements and Life |
|
|
919 | (3) |
|
The Alkaline Earth Metals (Group IIA) |
|
|
922 | (1) |
|
Group IIA Metals: Properties and Occurrence |
|
|
922 | (1) |
|
Reactions of the Group IIA Metals |
|
|
922 | (2) |
|
Uses of Group IIA Metals and Their Compounds |
|
|
924 | (1) |
|
The Post-Transition Metals |
|
|
925 | (1) |
|
Group IIIA: Periodic Trends |
|
|
925 | (5) |
|
Chemistry in Use The Most Valuable Metal in the World |
|
|
928 | (1) |
|
|
929 | (1) |
|
|
930 | (1) |
|
|
930 | (1) |
|
Chromium Oxides, Oxyanions, and Hydroxides |
|
|
931 | (4) |
|
|
933 | (1) |
|
|
933 | (2) |
|
Some Nonmetals and Metalloids |
|
|
935 | (30) |
|
The Noble Gases (Group VIIIA) |
|
|
937 | (1) |
|
Occurrence, Uses, and Properties |
|
|
937 | (1) |
|
|
937 | (2) |
|
The Halogens (Group VIIA) |
|
|
938 | (1) |
|
|
939 | (1) |
|
Occurrence, Production, and Uses |
|
|
940 | (2) |
|
Reactions of the Free Halogens |
|
|
942 | (1) |
|
The Hydrogen Halides and Hydrohalic Acids |
|
|
942 | (2) |
|
The Oxoacids (Ternary Acids) of the Halogens |
|
|
944 | (1) |
|
Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium |
|
|
945 | (1) |
|
Occurrence, Properties, and Uses |
|
|
945 | (2) |
|
Reactions of Group VIA Elements |
|
|
947 | (1) |
|
Hydrides of Group VIA Elements |
|
|
948 | (1) |
|
|
948 | (2) |
|
|
950 | (2) |
|
|
951 | (1) |
|
|
952 | (1) |
|
Hydrogen Compounds of Nitrogen |
|
|
953 | (1) |
|
|
954 | (3) |
|
Chemistry in Use Nitrogen Oxides and Photochemical Smog |
|
|
956 | (1) |
|
Some Oxoacids of Nitrogen and Their Salts |
|
|
957 | (1) |
|
|
958 | (2) |
|
|
959 | (1) |
|
Silicon and the Silicates |
|
|
960 | (5) |
|
|
961 | (1) |
|
|
961 | (4) |
|
|
965 | (30) |
|
|
966 | (4) |
|
|
970 | (1) |
|
|
971 | (2) |
|
|
973 | (2) |
|
|
975 | (1) |
|
Isomerism in Coordination Compounds |
|
|
975 | (1) |
|
Structural (Constitutional) Isomers |
|
|
976 | (2) |
|
|
978 | (7) |
|
Bonding in Coordination Compounds |
|
|
985 | (1) |
|
|
985 | (3) |
|
Color and the Spectrochemical Series |
|
|
988 | (7) |
|
|
990 | (1) |
|
|
991 | (4) |
|
|
995 | (38) |
|
|
997 | (1) |
|
Neutron--Proton Ratio and Nuclear Stability |
|
|
998 | (1) |
|
Nuclear Stability and Binding Energy |
|
|
999 | (3) |
|
|
1002 | (2) |
|
Equations for Nuclear Reactions |
|
|
1004 | (1) |
|
Neutron-Rich Nuclei (Above the Band of Stability) |
|
|
1004 | (1) |
|
Neutron-Poor Nuclei (Below the Band of Stability) |
|
|
1004 | (1) |
|
Nuclei with Atomic Number Greater Than 83 |
|
|
1005 | (1) |
|
|
1005 | (2) |
|
Rates of Decay and Half-Life |
|
|
1007 | (2) |
|
|
1009 | (2) |
|
|
1011 | (4) |
|
Artificial Transmutations of Elements |
|
|
1015 | (4) |
|
|
1019 | (1) |
|
|
1020 | (6) |
|
Chemistry in Use Managing Nuclear Wastes |
|
|
1024 | (2) |
|
|
1026 | (7) |
|
|
1028 | (1) |
|
|
1029 | (4) |
|
Organic Chemistry I: Formulas, Names, and Properties |
|
|
1033 | (67) |
|
|
1037 | (1) |
|
|
1037 | (5) |
|
Naming Saturated Hydrocarbons |
|
|
1042 | (5) |
|
|
1047 | (1) |
|
|
1047 | (5) |
|
Chemistry in Use Petroleum |
|
|
1048 | (4) |
|
|
1052 | (2) |
|
|
1054 | (1) |
|
|
1054 | (2) |
|
Other Aromatic Hydrocarbons |
|
|
1056 | (2) |
|
|
1058 | (1) |
|
|
1058 | (1) |
|
|
1059 | (2) |
|
|
1061 | (3) |
|
|
1064 | (1) |
|
|
1065 | (3) |
|
|
1068 | (2) |
|
|
1070 | (3) |
|
Some Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids |
|
|
1073 | (6) |
|
Chemistry in Use Butter, Margarine and trans Fats |
|
|
1077 | (2) |
|
Summary of Functional Groups |
|
|
1079 | (1) |
|
Fundamental Classes of Organic Reactions |
|
|
1079 | (1) |
|
|
1079 | (3) |
|
|
1082 | (2) |
|
|
1084 | (1) |
|
|
1085 | (15) |
|
|
1091 | (1) |
|
|
1092 | (8) |
|
Organic Chemistry II: Shapes, Selected Reactions, and Biopolymers |
|
|
1100 | |
|
Shapes of Organic Molecules |
|
|
1101 | (1) |
|
|
1102 | (1) |
|
|
1103 | (3) |
|
|
1106 | (1) |
|
|
1107 | (1) |
|
Reactions of Bronsted--Lowry Acids and Bases |
|
|
1107 | (3) |
|
Oxidation--Reduction Reactions |
|
|
1110 | (5) |
|
Chemistry in Use Chemical Communication |
|
|
1111 | (4) |
|
Formation of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives |
|
|
1115 | (1) |
|
|
1116 | (2) |
|
|
1117 | (1) |
|
|
1118 | (4) |
|
Polypeptides and Proteins |
|
|
1122 | (4) |
|
|
1126 | |
|
|
1129 | (1) |
|
|
1130 | |
Appendix A Some Mathematical Operations |
|
1 | (4) |
Appendix B Electron Configurations of the Atoms of the Elements |
|
5 | (3) |
Appendix C Common Units, Equivalences, and Conversion Factors |
|
8 | (3) |
Appendix D Physical Constants |
|
11 | (1) |
Appendix E Some Physical Constants for a Few Common Substances |
|
12 | (2) |
Appendix F Ionization Constants for Weak Acids at 25°C |
|
14 | (1) |
Appendix G Ionization Constants for Weak Bases at 25°C |
|
15 | (1) |
Appendix H Solubility Product Constants for Some Inorganic Compounds at 25°C |
|
16 | (2) |
Appendix I Dissociation Constants for Some Complex Ions |
|
18 | (1) |
Appendix J Standard Reduction Potentials in Aqueous Solution at 25°C |
|
19 | (3) |
Appendix K Selected Thermodynamic Values at 298.15 K |
|
22 | (2) |
Appendix L Answers to Selected Even-Numbered Numerical Exercises |
|
24 | |
Glossary/Index |
|
1 | |