Preface |
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vii | |
Acknowledgments |
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ix | |
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2 | (16) |
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Overview of Methods Used in Histology |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (2) |
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Histochemistry and Cytochemistry |
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5 | (6) |
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Functional Considerations: Feulgen Microspectrophotometry |
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8 | (3) |
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11 | (7) |
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Functional Considerations: Development of Electron Microscopy |
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14 | (1) |
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Functional Considerations: Special Staining for Transmission Electron Microscopy |
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15 | (1) |
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Proper Use of the Light Microscope |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (60) |
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Overview of Cell Structure |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (26) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (15) |
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Clinical Correlations: Abnormalities in Microtubules and Filaments |
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55 | (5) |
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60 | (8) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (4) |
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72 | (6) |
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Tissues: Concept and Classification |
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78 | (8) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (3) |
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Clinical Correlations: Ovarian Teratomas |
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82 | (2) |
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84 | (2) |
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86 | (40) |
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Overview of Epithelial Structure and Function |
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87 | (1) |
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Classification of Epithelium |
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88 | (2) |
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90 | (1) |
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The Apical Domain and Its Modifications |
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90 | (6) |
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Clinical Correlations: Immotile Cilia Syndrome |
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95 | (1) |
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The Lateral Domain and Its Specializations in Cell-to-Cell Adhesion |
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96 | (8) |
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The Basal Domain and Its Specializations in Cell-to-Extracellular Matrix Adhesion |
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104 | (7) |
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Functional Considerations: Basement Membrane and Basal Lamina Terminology |
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107 | (4) |
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111 | (3) |
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Histogenesis of Epithelium |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (10) |
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Functional Considerations: Mucous and Serous Membranes |
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117 | (3) |
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Simple Squamous and Cuboidal Epithelia |
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120 | (2) |
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Simple and Stratified Epithelia |
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122 | (2) |
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Stratified Epithelia and Epithelioid Tissues |
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124 | (2) |
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126 | (30) |
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General Structure and Function of Connective Tissue |
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126 | (2) |
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Embryonic Connective Tissue |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (3) |
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131 | (8) |
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Clinical Correlations: Collagenopathies |
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136 | (3) |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (2) |
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141 | (3) |
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Functional Considerations: The Mononuclear Phagocytotic System |
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144 | (12) |
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Loose and Dense Connective Tissue |
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150 | (2) |
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Dense Regular Connective Tissue, Tendons, and Ligaments |
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152 | (2) |
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Elastic Fibers and Elastic Lamellae |
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154 | (2) |
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156 | (8) |
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Overview of Adipose Tissue |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (4) |
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160 | (4) |
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Clinical Correlations: Adipose Tissue Tumors |
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162 | (2) |
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164 | (16) |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (5) |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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Histogenesis, Growth, and Repair of Hyaline Cartilage |
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170 | (10) |
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172 | (2) |
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Cartilage and the Developing Skeleton |
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174 | (2) |
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176 | (2) |
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178 | (2) |
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180 | (34) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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General Structure of Bones |
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182 | (4) |
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Clinical Correlations: Articular Catilage and Joint Diseases |
|
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183 | (3) |
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186 | (7) |
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193 | (7) |
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Clinical Correlations: Nutritional Factors in Bone Formation |
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199 | (1) |
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Biologic Mineralization and Matrix Vesicles |
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200 | (1) |
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Physiologic Aspects of Bone |
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201 | (1) |
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Functional Considerations: Hormonal Regulation of Bone Growth |
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201 | (1) |
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Fractures and Bone Repair |
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201 | (13) |
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204 | (2) |
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206 | (2) |
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Endochondral Bone Formation I |
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208 | (2) |
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Endochondral Bone Formation II |
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210 | (2) |
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Intramembranous Bone Formation |
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212 | (2) |
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214 | (32) |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (2) |
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217 | (4) |
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Clinical Correlations: ABO and Rh Blood Group Systems |
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219 | (1) |
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Clinical Correlations: Hemoglobin Disorders |
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220 | (1) |
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221 | (8) |
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229 | (2) |
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Formation of Blood Cells (Hemopoiesis) |
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231 | (9) |
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Clinical Correlations: Hemoglobin Breakdown and Jaundice |
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237 | (3) |
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240 | (6) |
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|
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Erythrocytes and Agranulocytes |
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242 | (2) |
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244 | (2) |
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246 | (36) |
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Overview and Classification of Muscle |
|
|
246 | (2) |
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248 | (14) |
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Functional Considerations: Muscle Metabolism and Ischemia |
|
|
250 | (4) |
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Clinical Correlations: Muscular Dystrophy-Dystrophin and Dystrophin-Associated Proteins |
|
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254 | (2) |
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Functional Considertions: The Sliding Filament Model |
|
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256 | (3) |
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Clinical Correlations: Myasthenia Gravis |
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259 | (3) |
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262 | (3) |
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265 | (17) |
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Functional Considerations: Complexity of Smooth Muscle Innervation |
|
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269 | (1) |
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Functional Considerations: Comparison of the Three Muscle Types |
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270 | (2) |
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272 | (2) |
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Musculotendinous Jucntion and Neuromuscular Junction |
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274 | (2) |
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276 | (2) |
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Cardiac Muscle, Purkinje Fibers |
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278 | (2) |
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280 | (2) |
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282 | (44) |
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Overview of the Nervous System |
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283 | (1) |
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Composition of Nerve Tissue |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (9) |
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Clinical Correlations: Parkinson's Disease |
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|
292 | (1) |
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Supporting Cells of the Nervous System |
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293 | (10) |
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Clinical Correlations: Demyelinating Diseases |
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|
297 | (6) |
|
Origin of Nerve Tissue Cells |
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303 | (1) |
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Organization of the Peripheral Nervous System |
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303 | (8) |
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Organization of the Central Nervous System |
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311 | (2) |
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Response of Neurons to Injury |
|
|
313 | (13) |
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Sympathetic and Dorsal Root Ganglia |
|
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316 | (2) |
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318 | (2) |
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|
320 | (2) |
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|
322 | (2) |
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324 | (2) |
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326 | (30) |
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Overview of the Cardiovascular System |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
General Features of Arteries and Veins |
|
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327 | (1) |
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|
328 | (10) |
|
Clinical Correlations: Hypertension |
|
|
336 | (1) |
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Clinical Correlations: Atherosclerosis |
|
|
337 | (1) |
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|
338 | (2) |
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|
340 | (1) |
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|
341 | (2) |
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|
343 | (4) |
|
Clinical Correlations: Ischemic Heart Disease |
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
|
347 | (9) |
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|
|
|
348 | (2) |
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|
350 | (2) |
|
Muscular Arteries and Veins |
|
|
352 | (2) |
|
Arterioles and Lymphatic Vessels |
|
|
354 | (2) |
|
|
356 | (44) |
|
Overview of the Lymphatic System |
|
|
356 | (1) |
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|
357 | (11) |
|
Functional Considerations: Origin of the Names T Lymphocyte and B Lymphocyte |
|
|
361 | (4) |
|
Clinical Correlations: Hypersensitivity Reactions |
|
|
365 | (2) |
|
Clinical Correlations: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
Lymphatic Tissues and Organs |
|
|
368 | (32) |
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|
|
|
388 | (2) |
|
|
390 | (2) |
|
|
392 | (2) |
|
|
394 | (2) |
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|
396 | (2) |
|
|
398 | (2) |
|
|
400 | (34) |
|
Overview of the Integumentary System |
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
|
401 | (4) |
|
|
405 | (6) |
|
Functional Considerations: Skin Color |
|
|
409 | (2) |
|
|
411 | (23) |
|
Functional Considerations: Hair Growth and Hair Characteristics |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
Functional Considerations: The Role of Sebum |
|
|
415 | (4) |
|
Clinical Correlations: Sweating and Disease |
|
|
419 | (2) |
|
Clinical Correlations: Skin Repair |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
422 | (2) |
|
|
424 | (2) |
|
Eccrine and Apocrine Sweat Glands |
|
|
426 | (2) |
|
Sweat and Sebaceous Glands |
|
|
428 | (2) |
|
Integument and Sensory Organs |
|
|
430 | (2) |
|
|
432 | (2) |
|
Digestive System I: Oral Cavity and Associated Structures |
|
|
434 | (40) |
|
Overview of the Digestive System |
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
|
435 | (2) |
|
|
437 | (3) |
|
Clinical Correlations: Inherited Absence of Taste |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
Teeth and Supporting Tissues |
|
|
440 | (14) |
|
Clinical Correlations: Classification of Permanent (Secondary) and Deciduous (Primary) Dentition |
|
|
441 | (8) |
|
Functional Considerations: Histologic Preparation of Tooth Tissues |
|
|
449 | (4) |
|
Clinical Correlations: Dental Caries |
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
|
454 | (20) |
|
|
|
Lip, A Mucocutaneous Junction |
|
|
462 | (2) |
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|
464 | (2) |
|
|
466 | (2) |
|
|
468 | (2) |
|
|
470 | (2) |
|
|
472 | (2) |
|
Digestive System II: Esophagus and Gastrointestinal Tract |
|
|
474 | (58) |
|
Overview of the Esophagus and Gastrointestinal Tract |
|
|
475 | (3) |
|
|
478 | (2) |
|
|
480 | (11) |
|
Clinical Correlations: Pernicious Anemia and Peptic Ulcer Disease |
|
|
487 | (2) |
|
Functional Considerations: Enteroendocrine Cells, APUD Cells and Gastrointestinal Hormones |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
Clinical Correlations: Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome |
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
|
491 | (10) |
|
|
501 | (31) |
|
Functional Considerations: Digestive and Absorptive Functions of Enterocytes |
|
|
502 | (7) |
|
Functional Considerations: Immune Functions of the Alimentary Canal |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
510 | (2) |
|
Esophagus and Stomach, Cardiac Region |
|
|
512 | (2) |
|
|
514 | (2) |
|
|
516 | (2) |
|
|
518 | (2) |
|
|
520 | (2) |
|
|
522 | (2) |
|
|
524 | (2) |
|
|
526 | (2) |
|
|
528 | (2) |
|
|
530 | (2) |
|
Digestive System III: Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas |
|
|
532 | (36) |
|
|
532 | (16) |
|
Clinical Correlations: Congestive Heart Failure and Liver Necrosis |
|
|
539 | (7) |
|
Clinical Correlations: Lipoproteins |
|
|
546 | (2) |
|
|
548 | (3) |
|
|
551 | (17) |
|
Functional Considerations: Insulin Synthesis, An Example of Posttranslational Processing |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
560 | (2) |
|
|
562 | (2) |
|
|
564 | (2) |
|
|
566 | (2) |
|
|
568 | (34) |
|
Overview of the Respiratory System |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
|
569 | (4) |
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
|
573 | (2) |
|
Clinical Correlations: Metaplasia |
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
|
575 | (4) |
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
|
580 | (3) |
|
Clinical Correlations: Cystic Fibrosis |
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
|
583 | (7) |
|
Clinical Correlations: Emphysema and Pneumonia |
|
|
588 | (2) |
|
|
590 | (1) |
|
|
590 | (1) |
|
|
590 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
592 | (2) |
|
|
594 | (2) |
|
|
596 | (2) |
|
Bronchiole and End Respiratory Passages |
|
|
598 | (2) |
|
Wall of Terminal Bronchiole, Respiratory Bronchiole, and Alveolus |
|
|
600 | (2) |
|
|
602 | (40) |
|
Overview of the Urinary System |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
Functional Considerations: Vitamin D |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
General Structure of the Kidney |
|
|
604 | (12) |
|
Clinical Considerations: Urinalysis |
|
|
614 | (2) |
|
Clinical Correlations: Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Hypertension |
|
|
616 | (1) |
|
|
616 | (6) |
|
Functional Considerations: Structure and Function of Aquaporin Water Channels |
|
|
619 | (3) |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
Functional Considerations: Hormonal Regulation of Collecting Duct Function |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
Histophysiology of the Kidney |
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
Ureter, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra |
|
|
626 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
630 | (2) |
|
|
632 | (2) |
|
|
634 | (2) |
|
|
636 | (2) |
|
|
638 | (2) |
|
|
640 | (2) |
|
|
642 | (40) |
|
Overview of the Endocrine System |
|
|
642 | (2) |
|
Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis) |
|
|
644 | (9) |
|
Functional Considerations: Pituitary Secretion and Hypothalamic Regulating Hormones |
|
|
650 | (3) |
|
|
653 | (2) |
|
|
655 | (4) |
|
Functional Considerations: Feedback Control of Thyroid Hormone Synthesis |
|
|
659 | (1) |
|
Clinical Correlations: Abnormal Thyroid Function |
|
|
659 | (1) |
|
|
659 | (2) |
|
|
661 | (21) |
|
Functional Considerations: Chromaffin Cells |
|
|
665 | (3) |
|
Functional Considerations: Cholesterol |
|
|
668 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
670 | (2) |
|
|
672 | (2) |
|
|
674 | (2) |
|
Parathyroid and Thyroid Glands |
|
|
676 | (2) |
|
|
678 | (2) |
|
|
680 | (2) |
|
|
682 | (44) |
|
Overview of the Male Reproductive System |
|
|
683 | (1) |
|
|
683 | (7) |
|
|
690 | (6) |
|
Functional Considerations: Hormonal Regulation of Spermatogenesis |
|
|
690 | (4) |
|
Clinical Correlations: Factors Affecting Spermatogenesis |
|
|
694 | (2) |
|
|
696 | (5) |
|
Clinical Correlations: Sperm-Specific Antigens and the Immune Response |
|
|
700 | (1) |
|
|
701 | (1) |
|
|
702 | (4) |
|
|
706 | (4) |
|
Clinical Correlations: Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy and Prostatic Cancer |
|
|
709 | (1) |
|
|
710 | (1) |
|
|
710 | (16) |
|
Clinical Correlations: Mechanism of Erection and Erectile Dysfunction |
|
|
712 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
714 | (2) |
|
|
716 | (2) |
|
Ductuli Efferentes and Epididymis |
|
|
718 | (2) |
|
Spermatic Cord and Ductus Deferens |
|
|
720 | (2) |
|
|
722 | (2) |
|
|
724 | (2) |
|
Female Reproductive System |
|
|
726 | (62) |
|
Overview of the Female Reproductive System |
|
|
727 | (1) |
|
|
728 | (14) |
|
Clinical Correlations: Polycystic Ovarian Disease |
|
|
735 | (4) |
|
Clinical Correlations: In Vitro Fertilization |
|
|
739 | (2) |
|
Functional Considerations: Summary of Hormonal Regulation of the Ovarian Cycle |
|
|
741 | (1) |
|
|
742 | (1) |
|
|
743 | (8) |
|
|
751 | (4) |
|
Clinical Correlations: Fate of Mature Placenta at Birth |
|
|
755 | (1) |
|
|
755 | (2) |
|
Clinical Corelations: Cytologic Pap Smears |
|
|
757 | (1) |
|
|
757 | (1) |
|
|
758 | (30) |
|
Functional Considerations: Lactation and Infertility |
|
|
763 | (1) |
|
|
|
|
764 | (2) |
|
|
766 | (2) |
|
|
768 | (2) |
|
|
770 | (2) |
|
|
772 | (2) |
|
|
774 | (2) |
|
|
776 | (2) |
|
|
778 | (2) |
|
|
780 | (2) |
|
|
782 | (2) |
|
|
784 | (2) |
|
Mammary Gland, Late Proliferative and Lactating |
|
|
786 | (2) |
|
|
788 | (32) |
|
|
788 | (1) |
|
General Structure of the Eye |
|
|
788 | (4) |
|
Microscopic Structure of the Eye |
|
|
792 | (28) |
|
Clinical Correlations: Glaucoma |
|
|
799 | (2) |
|
Clinical Correlations: Retinal Detachment |
|
|
801 | (5) |
|
Clinical Correlations: Age-Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) |
|
|
806 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
812 | (2) |
|
|
814 | (2) |
|
Eye III: Anterior Segment |
|
|
816 | (2) |
|
Eye IV: Sclera, Cornea, and Lens |
|
|
818 | (2) |
|
|
820 | (23) |
|
|
820 | (1) |
|
|
821 | (1) |
|
|
821 | (3) |
|
|
824 | (19) |
|
Clinical Correlatons: Vertigo |
|
|
829 | (3) |
|
Clinical Correlations: Hearing Loss-Vestibular Dysfunction |
|
|
832 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
838 | (2) |
|
|
840 | (3) |
Index |
|
843 | |