An Introduction to Efficiency And Productivity Analysis,9780387242668

An Introduction to Efficiency And Productivity Analysis

by ; ; ;
Edition: 2nd
ISBN13: 9780387242668
ISBN10: 038724266X
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2006-01-15
Publisher(s): Springer Verlag
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Summary

The second edition of An Introduction to Efficiency and Productivity Analysis is designed to be a general introduction for those who wish to study efficiency and productivity analysis. The book provides an accessible, well-written introduction to the four principal methods involved: econometric estimation of average response models; index numbers, data envelopment analysis (DEA); and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). For each method, a detailed introduction to the basic concepts is presented, numerical examples are provided, and some of the more important extensions to the basic methods are discussed. Of special interest is the systematic use of detailed empirical applications using real-world data throughout the book. In recent years, there have been a number of excellent advance-level books published on performance measurement. This book, however, is the first systematic survey of performance measurement with the express purpose of introducing the field to a wide audience of students, researchers, and practitioners. Indeed, the 2nd Edition maintains its uniqueness: (1) It is a well-written introduction to the field. (2) It outlines, discusses and compares the four principal methods for efficiency and productivity analysis in a well-motivated presentation. (3) It provides detailed advice on computer programs that can be used to implement these performance measurement methods. The book contains computer instructions and output listings for the SHAZAM, LIMDEP, TFPIP, DEAP and FRONTIER computer programs. More extensive listings of data and computer instruction files are available on the book's website: (www.uq.edu.au/economics/cepa/crob2005).

Table of Contents

List of Figures xi
List of Tables xiii
Preface xv
1. INTRODUCTION
1(10)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Some Informal Definitions
2(4)
1.3 Overview of Methods
6(1)
1.4 Outline of Chapters
7(2)
1.5 What is Your Economics Background?
9(2)
2. REVIEW OF PRODUCTION ECONOMICS
11(30)
2.1 Introduction
11(1)
2.2 Production Functions
12(8)
2.3 Transformation Functions
20(1)
2.4 Cost Functions
21(10)
2.5 Revenue Functions
31(1)
2.6 Profit Functions
32(8)
2.7 Conclusions
40(1)
3. PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY MEASUREMENT CONCEPTS
41(44)
3.1 Introduction
41(1)
3.2 Set Theoretic Representation of a Production Technology
42(5)
3.3 Output and Input Distance Functions
47(4)
3.4 Efficiency Measurement using Distance, Cost and Revenue Functions
51(10)
3.5 Measuring Productivity and Productivity Change
61(20)
3.6 Conclusions
81(4)
4. INDEX NUMBERS AND PRODUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT
85(48)
4. 1 Introduction
85(1)
4. 2 Conceptual Framework and Notation
86(2)
4. 3 Formulae for Price Index Numbers
88(2)
4. 4 Quantity Index Numbers
90(5)
4. 5 Properties of Index Numbers: The Test Approach
95(3)
4. 6 The Economic-Theoretic Approach
98(15)
4. 7 A Simple Numerical Example
113(3)
4. 8 Transitivity in Multilateral Comparisons
116(2)
4. 9 TFP Change Measurement Using Index Numbers
118(9)
4.10 Empirical Application: Australian National Railways
127(4)
4.11 Conclusions
131(2)
5. DATA AND MEASUREMENT ISSUES
133(28)
5.1 Introduction
133(2)
5.2 Outputs
135(6)
5.3 Inputs
141(12)
5.4 Prices
153(1)
5.5 Comparisons over time
154(2)
5.6 Output aggregates for sectoral and economy-wide comparisons
156(1)
5.7 Cross-country comparisons of productivity
157(2)
5.8 Data editing and errors
159(1)
5.9 Conclusions
160(1)
6. DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS
161(22)
6.1 Introduction
161(1)
6.2 The Constant Returns to Scale DEA Model
162(10)
6.3 The Variable Returns to Scale Model and Scale Efficiencies
172(8)
6.4 Input and Output Orientations
180(1)
6.5 Conclusions
181(2)
7. ADDITIONAL TOPICS ON DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS
183(26)
7.1 Introduction
183(1)
7.2 Price Information and Allocative Efficiency
183(5)
7.3 Non-Discretionary Variables
188(2)
7.4 Adjusting for the Environment
190(5)
7.5 Input Congestion
195(3)
7.6 Treatment of Slacks
198(1)
7.7 Additional Methods
199(4)
7.8 Empirical Application: Australian Universities
203(3)
7.9 Conclusions
206(3)
8. ECONOMETRIC ESTIMATION OF PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
209(32)
8. 1 Introduction
209(1)
8. 2 Production, Cost and Profit Functions
210(4)
8. 3 Single Equation Estimation
214(6)
8. 4 Imposing Equality Constraints
220(3)
8. 5 Hypothesis Testing
223(2)
8. 6 Systems Estimation
225(2)
8. 7 Inequality Constraints
227(4)
8. 8 The Bayesian Approach
231(3)
8. 9 Simulation Methods
234(5)
8.10 Conclusion
239(2)
9. STOCHASTIC FRONTIER ANALYSIS
241(22)
9.1 Introduction
241(1)
9.2 The Stochastic Production Frontier
242(3)
9.3 Estimating the Parameters
245(9)
9.4 Predicting Technical Efficiency
254(4)
9.5 Hypothesis Testing
258(3)
9.6 Conclusions
261(2)
10. ADDITIONAL TOPICS ON STOCHASTIC FRONTIER ANALYSIS 263(26)
10.1 Introduction
263(1)
10.2 Distance Functions
264(2)
10.3 Cost Frontiers
266(3)
10.4 Decomposing Cost Efficiency
269(3)
10.5 Scale Efficiency
272(3)
10.6 Panel Data Models
275(6)
10.7 Accounting for the Production Environment
281(3)
10.8 The Bayesian Approach
284(4)
10.9 Conclusions
288(1)
11. THE CALCULATION AND DECOMPOSITION OF PRODUCTIVITY CHANGE USING FRONTIER METHODS 289(22)
11.1 Introduction
289(2)
11.2 The Malmquist TFP Index and Panel Data
291(3)
11.3 Calculation using DEA Frontiers
294(6)
11.4 Calculation using SFA Frontiers
300(2)
11.5 An Empirical Application
302(8)
11.6 Conclusions
310(1)
12. CONCLUSIONS 311(6)
12.1 Summary of Methods
311(1)
12.2 Relative Merits of the Methods
312(1)
12.3 Some Final Points
313(4)
Appendix 1: Computer Software 317(8)
Appendix 2: Philippines Rice Data 325(2)
References 327(14)
Author Index 341(4)
Subject Index 345

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