The Making of the West, Combined Volume: Peoples and Cultures
by Hunt, Lynn; Martin, Thomas R.; Rosenwein, Barbara H.; Hsia, R. Po-chia; Smith, Bonnie G.Edition: 3rd
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2008-02-20
Publisher(s): Bedford/St. Martin's
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Summary
The Making of the Westoffers a geographically and culturally expansive conception of the West that prepares students to understand today's globalized world. Its integrated chronological narrative makes the impact of historical developments clear by highlighting the interconnections among the politics, people, and ideas of a specific period. From the book's conception, the authors a team of renowned scholars and expert teachers have worked to provide a new vision of the West based on cutting-edge scholarship. The narrative enhanced by a rich and informative art and map program distills the latest research and consistently treats topics underserved in other books: the West in global perspective, high and popular art and culture, and gender.
Author Biography
LYNN HUNT (Ph.D., Stanford University) is Eugen Weber Professor of Modern European History at University of California at Los Angeles. She is the author or editor of several books, including The Family Romance of the French Revolution (1992) and Inventing Human Rights: A History (2007). She is currently researching changing attitudes toward religion in early eighteenth-century Europe.
THOMAS R. MARTIN (Ph.D., Harvard University) is Jeremiah O’Connor Professor in Classics at the College of the Holy Cross. He is the author of Sovereignty and Coinage in Classical Greece (1985) and Ancient Greece (1996, 2000) and is one of the originators of Perseus: Interactive Sources and Studies on Ancient Greece (www.perseus.tufts.edu). He is currently conducting research on the history and significance of freedom of speech in Athenian democracy.
BARBARA H. ROSENWEIN (Ph.D., University of Chicago) is professor of history at Loyola University Chicago. She is the author or editor of several books including A Short History of the Middle Ages (2001; 2004) and Emotional Communities in the Early Middle Ages (2006). She is currently working on a general history of the emotions in the West.
R. PO-CHIA HSIA (Ph.D., Yale University) is Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of History at Pennsylvania State University. He is the author or editor of several books including The Myth of Ritual Murder: Jews and Magic in Reformation Germany (1988) and The World of the Catholic Renewal (1997). Currently he is working on a study of the history of cultural encounter between Counter-Reformation Europe and the Ming and Qing empires.
BONNIE G. SMITH (Ph.D., University of Rochester) is Board of Governors Distinguished Professor of History at Rutgers University. She is author or editor of several books including Ladies of the Leisure Class (1981); The Gender of History: Men, Women and Historical Practice (1998); and The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History (2007). Currently she is studying the globalization of European culture and society since the seventeenth century.
THOMAS R. MARTIN (Ph.D., Harvard University) is Jeremiah O’Connor Professor in Classics at the College of the Holy Cross. He is the author of Sovereignty and Coinage in Classical Greece (1985) and Ancient Greece (1996, 2000) and is one of the originators of Perseus: Interactive Sources and Studies on Ancient Greece (www.perseus.tufts.edu). He is currently conducting research on the history and significance of freedom of speech in Athenian democracy.
BARBARA H. ROSENWEIN (Ph.D., University of Chicago) is professor of history at Loyola University Chicago. She is the author or editor of several books including A Short History of the Middle Ages (2001; 2004) and Emotional Communities in the Early Middle Ages (2006). She is currently working on a general history of the emotions in the West.
R. PO-CHIA HSIA (Ph.D., Yale University) is Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of History at Pennsylvania State University. He is the author or editor of several books including The Myth of Ritual Murder: Jews and Magic in Reformation Germany (1988) and The World of the Catholic Renewal (1997). Currently he is working on a study of the history of cultural encounter between Counter-Reformation Europe and the Ming and Qing empires.
BONNIE G. SMITH (Ph.D., University of Rochester) is Board of Governors Distinguished Professor of History at Rutgers University. She is author or editor of several books including Ladies of the Leisure Class (1981); The Gender of History: Men, Women and Historical Practice (1998); and The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History (2007). Currently she is studying the globalization of European culture and society since the seventeenth century.
Table of Contents
Note: All chapters close with a conclusion and a full-page Chapter Review section.
Prologue: The Beginnings of Human Society
The Paleolithic Age, 200,000–10,000 B.C.E.
The Neolithic Age, 10,000–4000 B.C.E.
New Sources, New Perspectives: Daily Bread, Damaged Bones, and Cracked Teeth
Prologue: The Beginnings of Human Society
The Paleolithic Age, 200,000–10,000 B.C.E.
The Neolithic Age, 10,000–4000 B.C.E.
New Sources, New Perspectives: Daily Bread, Damaged Bones, and Cracked Teeth
1. Early Western Civilization, 4000–1000 B.C.E.
The Controversial Concept of Western Civilization
Mesopotamia, Home of the First Civilization, 4000–1000 B.C.E.
Egypt, the First Unified Country, 3050–1000 B.C.E.
The Hittites, Minoans, and Mycenaeans, 2200–1000 B.C.E.
Terms of History: Civilization
Document: Hammurabi’s Laws for Physicians
Document: Declaring Innocence on Judgment Day in Ancient Egypt
2. The Near East and the Emergence of Greece, 1000–500 B.C.E.
From Dark Age to Empire in the Near East, 1000–500 B.C.E.
Remaking Greek Civilization, 1000–750 B.C.E.
The Creation of the Greek Polis, 750–500 B.C.E.
New Directions for the Polis, 750–500 B.C.E.
Document: Homer’s Vision of Justice in the Polis
Seeing History: Shifting Sculptural Expression: From Egypt to Greece
Document: Cyrene Records Its Foundation as a Greek Colony
Taking Measure: Greek Family Size and Agricultural Labor in the Archaic Age
Contrasting Views: Persians Debate Democracy, Oligarchy, and Monarchy
3. The Greek Golden Age c. 500–c. 400 B.C.E.
Wars between Persia and Greece, 499–479 B.C.E.
Athenian Confidence in the Golden Age, 478–431 B.C.E.
Tradition and Innovation in Athens’s Golden Age
The End of the Golden Age, 431–403 B.C.E.
Document: Athenian Regulations for a Rebellious Ally
Contrasting Views: The Nature of Women and Marriage
Document: Sophists Argue Both Sides of a Case
Taking Measure: Military Forces of Athens and Sparta at the Beginning of the Peloponnesian War (431 B.C.E.)
4. From the Classical to the Hellenistic World, 400–30 B.C.E.
Classical Greece after the Peloponnesian War, 400–350 B.C.E.
The Rise of Macedonia, 359–323 B.C.E.
The Hellenistic Kingdoms, 323–30 B.C.E.
Hellenistic Culture
Document: Aristotle on the Nature of the Greek Polis
Document: Epigrams by Women Poets
New Sources, New Perspectives: Papyrus Discoveries and Menander’s Comedies
5. The Rise of Rome, 753–44 B.C.E.
Roman Social and Religious Traditions
From Monarchy to Republic
Roman Imperialism and Its Consequences
Upheaval in the Late Republic
Document: The Rape and Suicide of Lucretia
Taking Measure: Census Records during the First and Second Punic Wars
Document: Polybius on Roman Military Discipline
Contrasting Views: What Was Julius Caesar Like?
6. The Roman Empire, 44 B.C.E.–284 C.E.
Creating the Pax Romana
Maintaining the Pax Romana
The Emergence of Christianity
The Third-Century Crisis
Document: Augustus, Res Gestae (My Accomplishments)
Document: The Scene at a Roman Bath
Contrasting Views: Christians in the Empire: Conspirators or Faithful Subjects?
Taking Measure: The Value of Roman Imperial Coinage, 27 B.C.E.–300 C.E.
7. The Transformation of the Roman Empire, 284–600 C.E.
Reorganizing the Empire, 284–395
Christianizing the Empire, 312–c. 540
Non-Roman Kingdoms in the West, c. 370-550s
The Roman Empire in the East, c. 500-565
Document: Diocletian’s Edict On Maximum Prices and Wages
Taking Measure: Peasants’ Use of Farm Produce in the Roman Empire
Document: The Edict of Milan on Religious Liberty
Seeing History: Changing Religious Beliefs: Pagan and Christian Sarcophaguses
New Sources, New Perspectives: Was There a Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire?
8. Islam, Byzantium, and the West, 600–750
Islam: A New Religion and a New Empire
Byzantium: A Christian Empire under Siege
Western Europe: A Medley of Kingdoms
Terms of History: Medieval
Document: The Fatihah of the Qur’an
Seeing History: Who Conquered Whom? A Persian and an Arabic Coin Compared
Taking Measure: Church Repair, 600–900
Document: On Holy Images
New Sources, New Perspectives: Anthropology, Archaeology, and Changing Notions of Ethnicity
9. Emperors, Caliphs, and Local Lords, 750–1050
The Emperor and Local Elites in the Byzantine Empire
The Caliphate and Its Fragmentation
The Creation and Division of a New European Empire
After the Carolingians: The Emergence of Local Rule
Document: The Book of the Prefect
Document: When She Approached
Contrasting Views: Charlemagne: Roman Emperor, Father of Europe, or the Chief Bishop?
Terms of History: Feudalism
Taking Measure: Sellers, Buyers, and Donors, 800–1000
10. Merchants and Kings, Popes and Crusaders, 1050–1150
The Commercial Revolution
Church Reform
The Crusades
The Revival of Monarchies
Document: A Byzantine View of Papal Primacy
Contrasting Views: The First Crusade
New Sources, New Perspectives: The Cairo Geniza
Document: Penances for the Invaders, 1070
Taking Measure: Slaves in England in 1086
11. The Flowering of the Middle Ages, 1150–1215
New Schools and Churches
Governments as Institutions
The Growth of a Vernacular High Culture
Religious Fervor and Crusade
Seeing History: Romanesque vs. Gothic: The View Down the Nave
Contrasting Views: Magna Carta
Document: Frederick’s Reply to the Romans
Document: The Children’s Crusade, 1212
12. The Medieval Search for Order, 1215–1340
The Church’s Mission
The Medieval Synthesis
The Politics of Control
New Sources, New Perspectives: The Peasants of Montaillou
Taking Measure: Sentences Imposed by an Inquisitor, 1308–1323
Document: The Debate between Reason and the Lover
Document: Ausculta Fili (Listen, beloved son)
13. Crisis and Renaissance, 1340–1492
Crisis: Disease, War and Schism
The Renaissance: New Forms of Thought and Expression
Consolidating Power
Taking Measure: Population Losses and the Black Death
Contrasting Views: Joan of Arc: Who Was Òthe MaidÓ?
Document: Wat Tyler’s Rebellion, 1381
Terms of History: Renaissance
Document: Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, Oration on the Dignity of Man
14. Global Encounters and Religious Reforms, 1492–1560
Widening Horizons
The Protestant Reformation
Reshaping Society through Religion
A Struggle for Mastery
Seeing History: Expanding Geographic Knowledge: World Maps in an Age of Exploration
Document: Columbus Describes His First Voyage, 1493
Contrasting Views: Martin Luther: Holy Man or Heretic?
Document: Ordinances for Calvinist Churches, 1547
Widening Horizons
The Protestant Reformation
Reshaping Society through Religion
A Struggle for Mastery
Seeing History: Expanding Geographic Knowledge: World Maps in an Age of Exploration
Document: Columbus Describes His First Voyage, 1493
Contrasting Views: Martin Luther: Holy Man or Heretic?
Document: Ordinances for Calvinist Churches, 1547
15. Wars of Religion and the Clash of World Views, 1560–1648
Religious Conflicts Threaten State Power, 1560–1618
The Thirty Years’ War, 1618–1648
Economic Crisis and Realignment
The Rise of Secular and Scientific Worldviews
Document: Hans Grimmelshausen, The Horrors of the Thirty Years’ War
Taking Measure: The Rise and Fall of Silver Imports to Spain, 1550–1660
New Sources, New Perspectives: Tree Rings and the Little Ice Age
Seeing History: Religious Differences in Painting of the Baroque Period: Rubens and Rembrandt
Document: Sentence Pronounced Against Galileo
16. State Building and the Search for Order, 1648–1690
Louis XIV: Absolutism and its Limits
Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe
Constitutionalism in England
Outposts of Constitutionalism
The Search for Order in Elite and Popular Culture
Document: Marie de Sevigne’s Description of the French Court
Taking Measure: The Seventeenth-Century Army
Contrasting Views: The English Civil War
Document: John Milton’s Defense of Freedom of the Press
17. The Atlantic System and Its Consequences, 1690–1740
The Atlantic System and the World Economy
New Social and Cultural Patterns
Consolidation of the European State System
The Birth of the Enlightenment
New Sources, New Perspectives: Oral History and the Life of Slaves
Document: The Social Effects of Growing Consumption
Taking Measure: Relationship of Crop Harvested to Seed Used, 1400–1800
Terms of History: Progress
Document: Voltaire, Letters Concerning the English Nation, 1733
18. The Promise of Enlightenment, 1740–1789
The Enlightenment at Its Height
Society and Culture in an Age of Enlightenment
State Power in an Era of Reform
Rebellions against State Power
Terms of History: Enlightenment
Document: Denis Diderot, "Encyclopedia," 1755
Contrasting Views: Women and the Enlightenment
Taking Measure: World Population Growth, 1700–1800
Document: Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776
19. The Cataclysm of Revolution, 1789–1799
The Revolutionary Wave, 1787–1789
From Monarchy to Republic, 1789–1793
Terror and Resistance
Revolution on the March
Terms of History: Revolution
Document: The Rights of Minorities
Contrasting Views: Consequences of the French Revolution
Document: Address to the National Assembly in Favor of the Abolition of the Slave Trade, February 5, 1790
20. Napoleon and the Revolutionary Legacy, 1800–1830
The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte
"Europe Was at My Feet": Napoleon’s Conquests
The "Restoration" of Europe
Challenges to the Conservative Order
Contrasting Views: Napoleon: For and Against
Document: An Ordinary Soldier on Campaign with Napoleon
Document: Wordsworth’s Poetry
Seeing History: The Clothing Revolution: The Social Meaning of Changes in Post-Revolutionary Fashion
21. Industrialization and Social Ferment, 1830–1850
The Industrial Revolution
Reforming the Social Order
Ideologies and Political Movements
The Revolutions of 1848
Taking Measure: Railroad Lines, 1830–1850
New Sources, New Perspectives: Statistics and the Standard of Living of the Working Class
Document: Marx and Engels, The Communist Manifesto
Document: Alexis de Tocqueville describes the June Days in Paris, 1848
22. Politics and Culture of the Nation-State, 1850–1870
The End of the Concert of Europe
War and Nation Building
Establishing Social Order
The Culture of Social Order
Terms of History: Nationalism
Seeing History: Photographing the Nation: Domesticity and War
Document: Bismarck Tricks the Public to Get His War
Document: Mrs. Seacole: The Other Florence Nightingale
23. Empire and Everyday Life, 1870–1890
The Advance of Industry in an Age of Empire
The New Imperialism
Imperial Society and Culture
The Birth of Mass Politics
Taking Measure: The Decline of Illiteracy
Document: Imperialism’s Popularity among the People
Contrasting Views: Experiences of Migration
Document: Henrik Ibsen, A Doll’s House
24. Modernity and the Road to War, c. 1890–1914
Public Debate over Private Life
Modernity and the Revolt in Ideas
Growing Tensions in Mass Politics
European Imperialism Challenged
Roads to War
Terms of History: Modern
New Sources, New Perspectives: Psychohistory and Its Lessons
Document: Leon Pinsker Calls for a Jewish State
Document: An Historian Promotes Militant Nationalism
25. World War I and Its Aftermath 1914–1929
The Great War, 1914–1918
Protest, Revolution, and War’s End, 1917–1918
The Search for Peace in an Era of Revolution
The Aftermath of War: Europe in the 1920s
Mass Culture and the Rise of Modern Dictators
Contrasting Views: Arguing with the Victors
Taking Measure: The Growth of Radio, 1924–1929
Document: Outbreak of the Russian Revolution
Document: Battlefield Tourism
Seeing History: Demonizing the Enemy Italian Propaganda Posters from World War I
26. The Great Depression and World War II, 1929–1945
The Great Depression
Totalitarian Triumph
Democracies on the Defensive
The Road to Global War
World War II, 1939–1945
Terms of History: Totalitarianism
Contrasting Views: Stalin and Hitler: For and Against
Document: The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
New Sources, New Perspectives: Museums and Memory
Document: A Family Copes with Unemployment
27. The Cold War and the Remaking of Europe, C. 1945–1965
World Politics Transformed
Political and Economic Recovery in Europe
Decolonization in a Cold War Climate
Cultural Life on the Brink of Nuclear War
New Sources, New Perspectives: Government Archives and the Truth about the Cold War
Document: The Schuman Plan on European Unity, 1950
Taking Measure: World Manufacturing Output, 1950–1970
Document: Consumerism, Youth, and the Birth of the Generation Gap
28. Postindustrial Society and the End of the Cold War Order, 1965–1989
The Revolution in Technology
Postindustrial Society and Culture
Protesting Cold War Conditions
The Testing of Superpower Domination and the End of the Cold War
Contrasting Views: Feminist Debates
Document: Margaret Thatcher’s Economic Vision
Document: Tatiana Tolstoya Criticizes Mikhail Gorbachev
Seeing History: Political Art: Soviet Socialist Realism and Dissident Painting
29. The New Globalism: Opportunities and Dilemmas, 1989 to the Present
The Collapse of the Soviet Union and Its Aftermath
The Nation-State in a Global Age
Challenges from an Interconnected World
Global Culture and Society in the New Millennium
Conclusion: The Making of the West Continues
Document: Vaclav Havel, "Czechoslovakia is Returning to Europe"
Document: The European Green Party Becomes Transnational, 2006
Taking Measure: World Population Growth, 1950–2007
Contrasting Views: The Dutch Debate Immigration
Appendix: Useful Facts and Figures
Glossary
Suggested References
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