System Dynamics,9780131424623

System Dynamics

by
Edition: 4th
ISBN13: 9780131424623
ISBN10: 0131424629
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2003-08-13
Publisher(s): Pearson
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Summary

This text presents the basic theory and practice of system dynamics. It introduces the modeling of dynamic systems and response analysis of these systems, with an introduction to the analysis and design of control systems.KEY TOPICSSpecific chapter topics include The Laplace Transform, mechanical systems, transfer-function approach to modeling dynamic systems, state-space approach to modeling dynamic systems, electrical systems and electro-mechanical systems, fluid systems and thermal systems, time domain analyses of dynamic systems, frequency domain analyses of dynamic systems, time domain analyses of control systems, and frequency domain analyses and design of control systems.For mechanical and aerospace engineers.

Table of Contents

PREFACE vii
1 INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM DYNAMICS 1
1-1 Introduction
1(2)
1-2 Mathematical Modeling of Dynamic Systems
3(2)
1-3 Analysis and Design of Dynamic Systems
5(1)
1-4 Summary
6(2)
2 THE LAPLAGE TRANSFORM 8(45)
2-1 Introduction
8(1)
2-2 Complex Numbers, Complex Variables, and Complex Functions
8(6)
2-3 Laplace Transformation
14(15)
2-4 Inverse Laplace Transformation
29(5)
2-5 Solving Linear, Time-Invariant Differential Equations
34(2)
Example Problems and Solutions
36(13)
Problems
49(4)
3 MECHANICAL SYSTEMS 53(53)
3-1 Introduction
53(4)
3-2 Mechanical Elements
57(4)
3-3 Mathematical Modeling of Simple Mechanical Systems
61(12)
3-4 Work, Energy, and Power
73(8)
Example Problems and Solutions
81(19)
Problems
100(6)
4 TRANSFER-FUNCTION APPROACH TO MODELING DYNAMIC SYSTEMS 106(63)
4-1 Introduction
106(3)
4-2 Block Diagrams
109(3)
4-3 Partial-Fraction Expansion with MATLAB
112(7)
4-4 Transient-Response Analysis with MATLAB
119(16)
Example Problems and Solutions
135(27)
Problems
162(7)
5 STATE SPACE APPROACH TO MODELING DYNAMIC SYSTEMS 169(82)
5-1 Introduction
169(5)
5-2 Transient-Response Analysis of Systems in State-Space Form with MATLAB
174(7)
5-3 State-Space Modeling of Systems with No Input Derivatives
181(6)
5-4 State-Space Modeling of Systems with Input Derivatives
187(15)
5-5 Transformation of Mathematical Models with MATLAB
202(7)
Example Problems and Solutions
209(30)
Problems
239(12)
6 ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS AND ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS 251(72)
6-1 Introduction
251(3)
6-2 Fundamentals of Electrical Circuits
254(7)
6-3 Mathematical Modeling of Electrical Systems
261(9)
6-4 Analogous Systems
270(4)
6-5 Mathematical Modeling of Electromechanical Systems
274(7)
6-6 Mathematical Modeling of Operational-Amplifier Systems
281(7)
Example Problems and Solutions
288(24)
Problems
312(11)
7 FLUID SYSTEMS AND THERMAL SYSTEMS 323(60)
7-1 Introduction
323(1)
7-2 Mathematical Modeling of Liquid-Level Systems
324(8)
7-3 Mathematical Modeling of Pneumatic Systems
332(5)
7-4 Linearization of Nonlinear Systems
337(3)
7-5 Mathematical Modeling of Hydraulic Systems
340(8)
7-6 Mathematical Modeling of Thermal Systems
348(4)
Example Problems and Solutions
352(23)
Problems
375(8)
8 TIME-DOMAIN ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS 383(48)
8-1 Introduction
383(1)
8-2 Transient-Response Analysis of First-Order Systems
384(4)
8-3 Transient-Response Analysis of Second-Order Systems
388(11)
8-4 Transient-Response Analysis of Higher Order Systems
399(1)
8-5 Solution of the State Equation
400(9)
Example Problems and Solutions
409(15)
Problems
424(7)
9 FREQUENCY-DOMAIN ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS 431(60)
9-1 Introduction
431(1)
9-2 Sinusoidal Transfer Function
432(6)
9-3 Vibrations in Rotating Mechanical Systems
438(3)
9-4 Vibration Isolation
441(6)
9-5 Dynamic Vibration Absorbers
447(6)
9-6 Free Vibrations in Multi-Degrees-of-Freedom Systems
453(5)
Example Problems and Solutions
458(26)
Problems
484(7)
10 TIME-DOMAIN ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF CONTROL SYSTEMS 491(117)
10-1 Introduction
491(3)
10-2 Block Diagrams and Their Simplification
494(7)
10-3 Automatic Controllers
501(5)
10-4 Transient-Response Analysis
506(7)
10-5 Transient-Response Specifications
513(9)
10-6 Improving Transient-Response and Steady-State Characteristics
522(16)
10-7 Stability Analysis
538(7)
10-8 Root-Locus Analysis
545(17)
10-9 Root-Locus Plots with MATLAB
562(4)
10-10 Tuning Rules for PID Controllers
566(10)
Example Problems and Solutions
576(24)
Problems
600(8)
11 FREQUENCY-DOMAIN ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF CONTROL SYSTEMS 608(87)
11-1 Introduction
608(1)
11-2 Bode Diagram Representation of the Frequency Response
609(20)
11-3 Plotting Bode Diagrams with MATLAB
629(1)
11-4 Nyquist Plots and the Nyquist Stability Criterion
630(10)
11-5 Drawing Nyquist Plots with MATLAB
640(3)
11-6 Design of Control Systems in the Frequency Domain
643(25)
Example Problems and Solutions
668(22)
Problems
690(5)
APPENDIX A SYSTEMS OF UNITS 695(5)
APPENDIX B CONVERSION TABLES 700(5)
APPENDIX C VECTOR-MATRIX ALGEBRA 705(15)
APPENDIX D INTRODUCTION TO MATLAB 720(37)
REFERENCES 757(2)
INDEX 759

Excerpts

A course in system dynamics that deals with mathematical modeling and response analyses of dynamic systems is required in most mechanical and other engineering curricula. This book is written as a textbook for such a course. It is written at the junior level and presents a comprehensive treatment of modeling and analyses of dynamic systems and an introduction to control systems.Prerequisites for studying this book are first courses in linear algebra, introductory differential equations, introductory vector-matrix analysis, mechanics, circuit analysis, and thermodynamics. Thermodynamics may be studied simultaneously.Main revisions made in this edition are to shift the state space approach to modeling dynamic systems to Chapter 5, right next to the transfer function approach to modeling dynamic systems, and to add numerous examples for modeling and response analyses of dynamic systems. All plottings of response curves are done with MATLAB. Detailed MATLAB programs are provided for MATLAB works presented in this book.This text is organized into 11 chapters and four appendixes. Chapter 1 presents an introduction to system dynamics. Chapter 2 deals with Laplace transforms of commonly encountered time functions and some theorems on Laplace transform that are useful in analyzing dynamic systems. Chapter 3 discusses details of mechanical elements and simple mechanical systems. This chapter includes introductory discussions of work, energy, and power.Chapter 4 discusses the transfer function approach to modeling dynamic systems. Transient responses of various mechanical systems are studied and MATLAB is used to obtain response curves. Chapter 5 presents state space modeling of dynamic systems. Numerous examples are considered. Responses of systems in the state space form are discussed in detail and response curves are obtained with MATLAB.Chapter 6 treats electrical systems and electromechanical systems. Here we included mechanical-electrical analogies and operational amplifier systems. Chapter 7 deals with mathematical modeling of fluid systems (such as liquid-level systems, pneumatic systems, and hydraulic systems) and thermal systems. A linearization technique for nonlinear systems is presented in this chapter.Chapter 8 deals with the time-domain analysis of dynamic systems. Transient-response analysis of first-order systems, second-order systems, and higher order systems is discussed in detail. This chapter includes analytical solutions of state-space equations. Chapter 9 treats the frequency-domain analysis of dynamic systems. We first present the sinusoidal transfer function, followed by vibration analysis of mechanical systems and discussions on dynamic vibration absorbers. Then we discuss modes of vibration in two or more degrees-of-freedom systems.Chapter 10 presents the analysis and design of control systems in the time domain. After giving introductory materials on control systems, this chapter discusses transient-response analysis of control systems, followed by stability analysis, rootlocus analysis, and design of control systems. Finally, we conclude this chapter by giving tuning rules for PID controllers. Chapter 11 treats the analysis and design of control systems in the frequency domain. Bode diagrams, Nyquist plots, and the Nyquist stability criterion are discussed in detail. Several design problems using Bode diagrams are treated in detail. MATLAB is used to obtain Bode diagrams and Nyquist plots.Appendix A summarizes systems of units used in engineering analyses. Appendix B provides useful conversion tables. Appendix C reviews briefly a basic vector-matrix algebra. Appendix D gives introductory materials on MATLAB. If the reader has no prior experience with MATLAB, it is recommended that he/she study Appendix D before attempting to write MATLAB programs.Throughout the book, examples are presented at strategic points so that the reader will have a bett

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