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Systems Thinking for the 21st Century |
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1 | (18) |
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From Mechanism to Systems Thinking |
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2 | (2) |
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From Observation to Intervention |
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4 | (1) |
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From Theories of Everything to Theoretical Pluralism |
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5 | (2) |
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The Structure and Contents of this Book |
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7 | (3) |
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Practical Consequences for Life in the 21st Century |
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10 | (6) |
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11 | (1) |
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Scepticism about Value-Neutral Science |
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12 | (2) |
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The Politics of Social Exclusion |
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14 | (2) |
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16 | (3) |
SECTION I: PHILOSOPHY |
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19 | (82) |
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21 | (12) |
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Two Grounds for Exploring Philosophy |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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Popper's Critical Fallibalism |
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23 | (3) |
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Kelly's Personal Construct Theory |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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The Strategic Reason for Engaging with Philosophy |
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29 | (1) |
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The Importance of Philosophical Argument |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (36) |
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The Meaning of `Systems Philosophy' |
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34 | (2) |
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36 | (3) |
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The `Enemies' of Systems Thinking: Mechanism, Reductionism and Subject/Object Dualism |
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39 | (4) |
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The Struggle against Subject/Object Dualism |
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43 | (2) |
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45 | (3) |
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Critique of General Systems Theory |
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46 | (2) |
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48 | (5) |
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Critique of the Theory of Mind |
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51 | (2) |
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The Theory of Autopoiesis |
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53 | (6) |
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Critique of the Theory of Autopoiesis |
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57 | (2) |
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59 | (8) |
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Critique of Interpretive Systemology |
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63 | (4) |
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67 | (2) |
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69 | (32) |
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The Problem of Subject/Object Dualism |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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A Linguistic Turn in Systems Thinking |
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71 | (2) |
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The Theory of `Three Worlds' |
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73 | (2) |
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A Critique of the Linguistic Turn |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (2) |
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From Content to Process Philosophy |
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78 | (3) |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (3) |
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Shorthand Expressions of Boundary Judgements |
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85 | (1) |
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Second-Order Reflections on the Nature of the Self |
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85 | (2) |
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87 | (1) |
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The Indeterminacy of Process |
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88 | (1) |
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Some Consequences of Process Philosophy for Speaking about Reality |
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89 | (9) |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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What can be Said using Process Philosophy? |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (2) |
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From Social Constructionism to Process |
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95 | (3) |
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98 | (3) |
SECTION II: METHODOLOGY |
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101 | (168) |
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103 | (10) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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The Argument against Philosophical Purism |
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106 | (3) |
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The Spectre of Instrumental Rationality |
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109 | (1) |
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Arguments against the Atheoretical Use of Methods |
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110 | (2) |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (22) |
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Observation versus Intervention |
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115 | (5) |
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Observation as the Basis of Science |
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116 | (1) |
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Intervention as the Basis of Action Research |
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117 | (3) |
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Summary of the Distinction between Observation and Intervention |
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120 | (1) |
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Arguments against Intervention from within Action Research |
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120 | (3) |
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The Impossibility of Independent Observation |
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123 | (2) |
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Observation as Intervention |
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125 | (3) |
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128 | (1) |
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Towards a Methodology for Systemic Intervention |
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129 | (3) |
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132 | (3) |
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135 | (24) |
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The Bounded Nature of Improvement |
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137 | (1) |
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Critical Systems Heuristics |
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138 | (4) |
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Key Differences between Churchman and Ulrich |
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142 | (1) |
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Processes of Marginalisation |
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142 | (10) |
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Is there a Need for a Sociological Theory? |
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146 | (2) |
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Making Critical Boundary Judgements |
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148 | (1) |
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Key Differences between Churchman, Ulrich and Myself |
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149 | (3) |
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Elaborating the Theory of Boundary Critique |
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152 | (4) |
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Modelling the Overlapping Concerns of Stakeholder Groups |
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153 | (2) |
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A Key Difference between Yolles and Myself |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (3) |
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159 | (12) |
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Beyond the Cumulative View of Knowledge |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (4) |
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Standards and Principles for Choice |
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166 | (2) |
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168 | (3) |
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171 | (46) |
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171 | (2) |
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The Value of Learning from Other Methodologies |
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173 | (1) |
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The Value of a Plurality of Methods |
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174 | (2) |
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A History of Methodologies and Methods |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (2) |
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179 | (3) |
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182 | (4) |
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182 | (1) |
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The Human Relations Movement |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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Action Research and Action Learning |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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The First Wave of Systems Thinking |
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187 | (4) |
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Socio-Technical Systems Thinking |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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Systemic Operational Research |
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190 | (1) |
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The Second Wave of Systems Thinking |
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191 | (6) |
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Criticisms of the First Wave |
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191 | (2) |
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Some Management Systems Methods from the Second Wave |
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193 | (4) |
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Dialogical Family Therapy |
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197 | (1) |
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Parallel Movements in OR and Participative Action Research |
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197 | (5) |
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Participative Action Research |
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198 | (2) |
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Problem Structuring Methods in OR |
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200 | (2) |
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The Third Wave of Systems Thinking |
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202 | (9) |
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Critiques of the Second Wave of Systems Thinking |
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203 | (1) |
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The Birth of Critical Systems Thinking |
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204 | (2) |
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Revisioning Critical Systems Thinking |
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206 | (4) |
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The Third Wave of Family Therapy |
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210 | (1) |
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Power Issues and Action Research |
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211 | (2) |
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213 | (1) |
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A Key Implication of Third Wave Thinking |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (2) |
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217 | (26) |
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The System of Systems Methodologies |
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218 | (7) |
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Total Systems Intervention |
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222 | (1) |
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Philosophical Underpinnings |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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The Creative Design of Methods |
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225 | (5) |
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227 | (1) |
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The Pivotal Role of the Intervener |
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228 | (2) |
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Practising the Creative Design of Methods |
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230 | (7) |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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233 | (3) |
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236 | (1) |
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Learning through Reflection on Methods |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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Moving Away from the System of Systems Methodologies |
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237 | (1) |
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Limitations of the System of Systems Methodologies |
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238 | (1) |
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Challenging the Philosophy behind the System of Systems Methodologies |
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239 | |
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231 | (12) |
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Learning about Methodology and Methods |
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243 | (26) |
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The Philosophical Problem |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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The Psychological Problem |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (7) |
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Meta-Paradigmatic Thinking |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (2) |
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Paradigm (In)commensurability |
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249 | (2) |
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Critically Appreciating Alien Paradigms |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (13) |
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Continuity and Discontinuity |
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254 | (6) |
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Philosophical Reflections |
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260 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (2) |
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Espoused Methodology and Methodology in Use |
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264 | (2) |
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Reflections on the Three Challenges |
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266 | (2) |
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Addressing the Paradigm Problem |
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266 | (1) |
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Minimising the Psychological Problem |
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266 | (1) |
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Dealing with the Cultural Problem |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
SECTION III: PRACTICE |
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269 | (134) |
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271 | (8) |
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Practice and Discourses about Practice |
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271 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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The Argument against `Pure' Philosophy |
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272 | (2) |
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The Arguments against `Pure' Methodology |
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274 | (2) |
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276 | (3) |
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Community Operational Research |
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279 | (10) |
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The Origins of Community OR |
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281 | (1) |
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Motivations for Involvement in Community OR |
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282 | (1) |
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The Breadth of Community OR Practice |
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283 | (2) |
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The Community Operational Researcher as an Agent |
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285 | (3) |
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288 | (1) |
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Developing Housing Services for Older People |
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289 | (20) |
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289 | (1) |
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The Initial Remit of the Intervention |
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290 | (1) |
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Phase One: Identifying Problems |
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291 | (3) |
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Designing the Methods for the Second Phase |
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294 | (3) |
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Phase Two: Designing Improvements |
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297 | (7) |
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Designing Organisational Delivery |
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301 | (3) |
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304 | (2) |
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306 | (3) |
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309 | (24) |
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Choosing Methods from Just One Source |
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310 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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Initial Contacts with the Multi-Agency Group |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (2) |
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Choosing Soft Systems Methodology |
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313 | (3) |
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316 | (3) |
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The Process of Application |
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319 | (8) |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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Identifying Relevant Systems |
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321 | (1) |
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Exploring the Relevant Systems |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (2) |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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327 | (3) |
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Feedback on the Intervention |
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330 | (1) |
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331 | (2) |
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Planning and Evaluating Diversion from Custody for Mentally Disordered Offenders |
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333 | (34) |
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334 | (1) |
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335 | (2) |
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337 | (4) |
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Some Preliminary Boundary Critique |
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341 | (1) |
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342 | (3) |
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345 | (2) |
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Outputs from the Soft Systems Methodology |
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346 | (1) |
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Designing the Evaluation Methods |
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347 | (1) |
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348 | (3) |
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351 | (3) |
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351 | (1) |
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351 | (2) |
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353 | (1) |
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353 | (1) |
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354 | (1) |
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354 | (1) |
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354 | (1) |
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355 | (6) |
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Critical Systems Heuristics |
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357 | (1) |
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357 | (1) |
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358 | (3) |
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361 | (3) |
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361 | (1) |
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Results of Final Interventions |
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362 | (1) |
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363 | (1) |
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363 | (1) |
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Results of the Strategic Planning |
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363 | (1) |
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364 | (1) |
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365 | (2) |
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Developing Services with Young People (Under 16) Missing from Home or Care |
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367 | (30) |
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Young People on the Streets |
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367 | (2) |
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369 | (1) |
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370 | (1) |
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An Overview of the Intervention |
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371 | (1) |
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Establishing the Ground Rules |
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372 | (1) |
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Phase One: Identifying Key Issues |
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373 | (5) |
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374 | (2) |
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Conducting the Interviews |
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376 | (2) |
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Phase Two: Evolving Stakeholder Goals |
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378 | (11) |
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378 | (4) |
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382 | (1) |
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The Multi-Agency Workshop |
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382 | (3) |
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The Young People's Workshop |
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385 | (2) |
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The Second Multi-Agency Workshop |
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387 | (2) |
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Phase Three: Action Planning |
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389 | (6) |
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The Final Multi-Agency Workshop |
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393 | (2) |
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Stage Four: Dissemination |
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395 | (1) |
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395 | (1) |
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396 | (1) |
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397 | (6) |
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Further Issues to be Addressed |
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398 | (3) |
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Systemic Intervention and Scientific Research |
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398 | (1) |
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The Politics of Systemic Intervention |
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399 | (2) |
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401 | (2) |
References |
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403 | (24) |
Author Index |
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427 | (8) |
Subject Index |
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435 | |